Pupil dynamics can represent an indirect measure of perception; thus, it has been broadly explored in the auditory and visual fields. Although it is crucial for experiencing the outside world, tactile perception is not well-explored. Considering that, we sought to answer the following question via a systematic review: does normal tactile perception processing modulate pupil dilation in mammals (human or not)? The review process was conducted according to PRISMA Statement. We searched on Periódicos CAPES (Brazil) for the following terms: [(touch) OR (cutaneous stimulation) OR (tactile perception) OR (somatosensory) AND (pupil OR pupillary) NOT blind NOT reflex NOT pain NOT fear NOT noxious NOT autism NOT nerve NOT (pupillary block) NOT glaucoma NOT cataract NOT aneurysm NOT syndrome NOT treatment NOT special education]. From the 6,488 papers found, 4,568 were duplicates, and nine fulfilled the inclusion criteria. All papers found a positive relationship between pupil diameter and tactile perception. We found that the pupil is a reliable indirect measure of brain states and can evaluate norepinephrine (NE)/locus coeruleus (LC) action, stimulus inhibition, arousal, cognitive processes, and affection independently of the stimuli category (visual, auditory, or tactile). We also found that the perceptual tactile processing occurs in similar ways as the other perceptual modalities. We verified that more studies should be done, mostly avoiding low sampling rate recording systems, confounders as cue signs, not automated stimulation, and concurrent stimulus and using more reliable equipment.
ResumoCrianças e adolescentes com paralisia cerebral e privados de comunicação efetiva podem também ter seu desenvolvimento intelectual dificultado. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o desenvolvimento intelectual de crianças e adolescentes com paralisia cerebral e necessidades complexas de comunicação em uma escola especial no Brasil, baseado no uso de comunicação alternativa e ampliada (CAA). Quinze indivíduos com paralisia cerebral (idade média: 11a3m ± 2a9m) foram avaliados: 9 usavam CAA (seis meninos, 11a9m ± 3a4m) e seis não usavam (3 meninos, 10a6m ± 1a6m). As Matrizes Progressivas Coloridas de Raven -Escala Especial (CPM) foram usadas para a avaliação intelectual. Os que utilizavam a CAA obtiveram uma média de 25.89, os que não usavam 5.83 (p=0.012). Os resultados indicam que nesse coorte existe uma diferença significativa entre o desenvolvimento intelectual dos que usam CAA e dos que não a usam.Palavras-chaves: Desenvolvimento intelectual; Paralisia cerebral; Tecnologia assistiva; Comunicação alternativa e ampliada; Matrizes progressivas coloridas de Raven. AbstractChildren and adolescents with cerebral palsy and devoid of effective communication may also have their intellectual development impaired. The goal of this research was to assess the intellectual development of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) and complex communication needs in a special school in Brazil based on their reliance on augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). Fifteen individuals with cerebral palsy (mean age: 11y3m ± 2y9m) were assessed: nine of them relied on AAC (6 males, 11y9m ± 3y4m) and six did not (3 males, 10y6m ± 1y6m). Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices -Special Scale (CPM) were used for the intellectual evaluation. Individuals who relied on AAC reached a mean of 25.89 those who did not 5.83 (p=0.012). There was a significant difference, in this cohort, between the intellectual development of those who used AAC and those who did not.
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