ABSTRACT. This study aims to analyze the plantar footprints based on biomechanical parameters obtained through plantar pressure measurements and to present an easy to use methodology for establishing the foot type in order to further suggest orthopaedic devices, such as customized soles and insoles. Using the RSScan pressure plate and the Footscan software, fine observations both on foot and on repartition of foot pressures are made. By analyzing the maximum pressures rd th obtained in this case study, the highest values were registered under 3 and 4 metatarsal bones, suggesting that the investigated subject has different arrangements of high pressures compared with the ones reported by other similar studies. The gait time has been analysed, resulting in a normal distribution of this parameter on each area of the foot. By comparing the results, the left foot has been demonstrated to be high arched. KEY WORDS: plantar pressure, gait, foot, footprint ANALIZA AMPRENTELOR PLANTARE -STUDIU DE CAZ (PARTEA 1) REZUMAT. Acest studiu îºi propune sã analizeze amprentele plantare pe baza parametrilor biomecanici obþinuþi prin mãsurãtorile presiunilor plantare ºi sã elaboreze o metodologie uºor de urmat pentru stabilirea tipologiei piciorului, în vederea sugerãrii dispozitivelor ortopedice, cum ar fi tãlpile ºi branþurile personalizate. Folosind placa de presiune RSScan ºi software-ul Footscan sunt observate repartiþiile presiunilor la nivelul picioarelor. Prin analiza presiunilor maxime obþinute în acest studiu de caz, se poate observa cã cele mai mari valori au fost înregistrate sub oasele metatarsiene 3 ºi 4, sugerând astfel faptul cã subiectul investigat are zone de presiune ridicatã diferite, comparativ cu cele raportate de alte studii similare. A fost analizat timpul corespunzãtor efectuãrii unui pas, rezultând o distribuþie normalã a acestui parametru pe fiecare zonã a piciorului. Prin compararea rezultatelor, s-a demonstrat cã piciorul stâng este de tip picior scobit. CUVINTE CHEIE: presiuni plantare, mers, picior, amprentã L'ANALYSE D'EMPREINTES PLANTAIRES -ÉTUDE DE CAS (PREMIÈRE PARTIE)RÉSUMÉ. Cette étude a le but d'analyser les empreintes plantaires à partir des paramètres biomécaniques obtenues par des mesures de pression plantaire et de développer une méthodologie facile à suivre pour établir la typologie du pied, en vue de recommander des dispositifs orthopédiques tels que les semelles et les premières personnalisées. En utilisant la plateforme de pression RSScan et le logiciel Footscan, on a observé les distributions de pression dans les pieds. En analysant la pression maximale atteinte dans cette étude de cas, on constate que les valeurs les plus élevées ont été enregistrées dans les métatarses 3 et 4, ce qui suggère que le sujet étudié a régions de haute pression différentes de celles rapportées par des études similaires. On a analysé le temps nécessaire pour faire un pas, résultant en une distribution normale de ce paramètre sur chaque région du pied. En comparant les résultats, on a montré que le pied gauc...
ABSTRACT. This article aims to analyze the feet of a single subject regarding the footprints, the foot axis deviation angle, the hallux-valgus angle, the repartition of surfaces and impulses and also, the balance of the feet. The footprints were used to analyse the typology of the feet. It has been demonstrated that the right foot is different from the left foot in what concerns the foot axis angle, the hallux-valgus angle, the repartition of surface and impulse for each foot and also for the balance of the feet. A complete knowledge of the feet can be obtained; and then, solutions can be proposed and found. In this case the solutions were special insole for each foot. The next stage of the research will be focused on designing and rapid prototyping of personalized insoles for this particular subject. KEY WORDS: foot, plantar pressure, impulse, angles, balance ANALIZA AMPRENTELOR PLANTARE -STUDIU DE CAZ (PARTEA A 2-A)REZUMAT. Acest studiu îºi propune sã analizeze amprentele plantare ale unui singur subiect, unghiul de deviere a axei piciorului, unghiul hallux-valgus, unghiul de scobire a bolþii, repartiþia suprafeþelor, impulsul ºi echilibrul. Folosind placa de presiune RSScan ºi software-ul Footscan se observã cu atenþie piciorul ºi repartiþia presiunilor la nivelul acestuia. În cadrul acestei lucrãri a fost demonstrat faptul cã piciorul drept este diferit de cel stâng în ceea ce priveºte unghiul de deviere a axei piciorului, unghiul hallux-valgus, repartiþia suprafeþelor ºi a impulsurilor ºi, de asemenea, echilibrul pentru fiecare picior. Pot fi obþinute informaþii complete despre picior; apoi, pot fi propuse ºi gãsite soluþii pentru acesta. În acest caz, soluþiile sunt branþuri speciale pentru fiecare picior. Urmãtoarea etapã a acestei cercetãri va consta în prototiparea rapidã a acestor branþuri personalizate pentru subiectul analizat. CUVINTE CHEIE: picior, presiune plantarã, impuls, unghiuri, echilibru L'ANALYSE DES EMPREINTES PLANTAIRES -ÉTUDE DE CAS (2-ème PARTIE)RÉSUMÉ. Cette étude vise à analyser les empreintes plantaires d'un seul sujet, en ce qui concerne l'angle de déviation de l'axe du pied, l'angle hallux valgus, l'angle de creusement de la voûte, les zones de distribution, les impulsions et l'équilibre. En utilisant la plaque de pression RSScan et le logiciel Footscan on observe attentivement le pied et la distribution de la pression du pied. Dans cet article on a montré que le pied droit est différent du pied gauche en ce qui concerne l'angle de déviation de l'axe du pied, l'angle hallux valgus, la répartition des zones, les impulsions et l'équilibre pour chaque pied. Des informations complètes peuvent être obtenues sur le pied; alors, on peut proposer et trouver des solutions pour le pied. Dans ce cas, les solutions sont des semelles spéciales pour chaque pied. La prochaine étape de cette recherche sera le prototypage rapide de ces semelles personnalisées pour le sujet analysé. MOTS-CLÉS: pied, pression plantaire, impulsion, angles, équilibre 243Revista de Pielarie Incaltaminte 14 (2014) 4 INTR...
ABSTRACT. The article presents a method of designing templates for modelling shoe lasts, according to specific anthropometrical dimensions of a subject's foot, employed as military personnel. The subject's peculiarity lies in the type of professional activity that he is carrying out; the lower limbs have a much greater risk of injury and there is the need to prevent such problems by using special footwear, which will not restrict the conduct of his military activities. The design of last's templates consists in creating a geometrical construction based on the dimensional characteristics of the subject's feet. Using software such as Delcam Engineer and Last Maker new techniques for modelling shoe lasts were developed. The advantages of the presented method are represented by the decreased time of last's design and the accuracy of the results. Applying this method to a larger scale enables its development and allows footwear manufacturers to achieve a diverse range of products, faster and at lower costs than current possibilities. KEY WORDS: foot, military footwear, shoe last, template MODELAREA 3D A CALAPOADELOR PENTRU ÎNCÃLÞÃMINTE UTILIZÂND ªABLOANE DEFINITE PE BAZA DIMENSIUNILOR ANTROPOMETRICE ALE PICIORULUI -STUDIU DE CAZ REZUMAT. Se prezintã în cadrul acestui articol o metodã de proiectare a ºabloanelor pentru modelarea calapoadelor încãlþãmintei, corespunzãtoare dimensiunilor antropometrice ale piciorului unui subiect angajat ca personal militar. Particularitatea subiectului constã în activitatea profesionalã pe care acesta o desfãºoarã; membrele inferioare sunt supuse unui risc de accidentare mult mai mare, fiind necesarã preîntâmpinarea acestor probleme utilizând încãlþãminte specialã, care sã nu limiteze sub nicio formã desfãºurarea activitãþilor militare. Proiectarea desfãºuratei suprafeþei plantare a calapodului constã în realizarea unei construcþii geometrice ce are la bazã caracteristicile dimensionale ale picioarelor subiectului analizat. Au fost dezvoltate noi tehnici de modelare a calapoadelor folosind aplicaþiile software Delcam Engineer ºi Last Maker. Avantajele metodei prezentate în aceastã lucrare sunt reprezentate de timpul redus de execuþie ºi de corectitudinea rezultatelor. Aplicarea acestei metode la o scarã largã oferã posibilitatea dezvoltãrii acesteia ºi utilizarea ei de cãtre producãtorii din domeniul încãlþãmintei pentru realizarea unei game variate de produse mai rapid ºi cu costuri mai reduse decât posibilitãþile actuale. CUVINTE CHEIE: picior, încãlþãminte militarã, calapod de încãlþãminte, ºablon LA MODÉLISATION 3D DES FORMES POUR CHAUSSURE EN UTILISANT DE MODÈLES DÉFINIS À BASE DE TAILLES ANTHROPOMÉTRIQUES DU PIED -ÉTUDE DECAS RÉSUMÉ. Cet article présente une méthode pour concevoir des modèles pour la modélisation des formes de chaussure correspondant au tailles anthropométriques du pied d'un sujet employé comme personnel militaire. La particularité du sujet est la profession qu'il exerce; ses membres inférieurs sont soumis à un risque accru de blessures et, par conséquent, il est...
Gait and balance disorders are common in older adults and they are independent predictors for the functional decline resulting in various degrees of disability and loss of independence. Gait disorders have multiple causes, they have a progressive course and may negatively impact the functional performances. Many gait disorders appear in connection with underlying diseases. The incidence of gait deficiencies is greater in older women. Non-neurological causes are more often identified. Painful joint deformities are common causes of gait disturbances in elderly. The study proposes to identify the influence of age on the walking speed and the support phase during walking. The study included 100 female volunteers, aged between 55 and 87. The subjects participated in the measurement of biomechanical parameters using AMTI's AccuGait System, while speed was determined using a speed measurement system placed above the ground reaction force measuring platform. It was found that there are statistically significant differences among the three age groups in terms of walking speed and support phase.
ABSTRACT. The plantar distribution between the foot and the contact surface provides valuable information about the foot's structure and functions. The plantar footprints were taken from 60 young women, aged between 20-30 and their foot typology was established by the authors in a previous study. The average values of the plantar pressures recorded on ten foot segments, in case of the four groups: normal foot, high arched foot, flat foot and Hallux-Valgus foot were analyzed in the present study. By comparing the pressures for the four identified groups, it was demonstrated that there are no significant differences between subjects, the maximum values being registered on the third metatarsal head bone, followed by the second metatarsal head bone and the heel. The findings of a Pearson correlation analysis demonstrate that some pressure areas are directly proportional to others (like for example toe areas with first, second, fourth metatarsal head bones and median area of the foot) and other pressure areas are indirectly proportional to others (like for example lateral heel, with second to fifth toe). An important result of the performed analysis is the negative correlation between toe area and the third and fifth metatarsals head bones. Therefore, when creating the footwear bottom components, the designer should use different materials and structures and design in order to redistribute the plantar pressures according to areas of the foot. KEY WORDS: plantar footprint, gait, pressure areas, footwear ANALIZA COMPARATIVÃ A DISTRIBUÞIEI PRESIUNILOR PLANTARE ÎN DINAMICÃ PE DIFERITE ZONE ALE PICIORULUIREZUMAT. Distribuþia presiunii manifestate între talpa piciorului ºi planul de sprijin furnizeazã informaþii valoroase privind structura ºi funcþiile piciorului. Într-un studiu anterior autorii au preluat amprentele plantare la un numãr de 60 femei, cu vârsta cuprinsã între 20-30 de ani ºi au stabilit tipologia piciorului acestora. În cadrul prezentului studiu au fost comparate valorile medii ale presiunilor pe zece segmente al suprafeþei plantare, pentru fiecare din cele 4 grupe: picior normal, picior scobit, picior plat ºi picior cu Hallux-Valgus, identificate de autori într-un studiu anterior. Comparând presiunile pentru cele 4 grupe de subiecþi s-a observat cã nu existã diferenþe semnificative între aceºtia, presiunea maximã înregistrându-se de fiecare datã pe metatarsianul al treilea, urmat de metatarsianul al doilea ºi cãlcâi. Printr-o analizã statisticã folosind coeficientul de corelaþie Pearson s-a demonstrat cã anumite zone de presiune sunt direct proporþionale cu altele (de exemplu zona degetelor cu primul, al doilea ºi al patrulea metatarsian, precum ºi cu zona medianã a piciorului) ºi alte zone de presiune sunt indirect proporþionale cu altele (de exemplu zona exterioarã a cãlcâiului cu degetul cinci). Un rezultat important al acestei analize statistice este corelaþia negativã identificatã între zona degetelor ºi al treilea ºi al cincilea metatarsian. În consecinþã, în momentul proiectãrii ansamblului inferior...
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