The relaxant mechanism of LOO on the tracheal smooth muscle possibly involves stimulating of soluble guanylyl cyclase with consequent activation of the voltage-gated and Ca-activated K channels.
Os óleos essenciais são uma mistura de diversos compostos voláteis, que são extraídos de plantas aromáticas e que possuem diversas propriedades farmacológicas. Entre as propriedades farmacológicas, descritas na literatura para esses óleos essenciais, destacam-se os efeitos repelente, anti-inflamatório, antiasmático, ansiolítico e anticâncer. Neste trabalho, destacamos de forma sistemática o uso de plantas aromáticas no tratamento de enfermidades relacionadas ao sistema respiratório, relacionando espécies que são fontes de óleos essenciais e cujos efeitos farmacológicos foram avaliados em modelos animais, envolvendo a investigação de sua atividade antiasmática, antitussígena e/ou expectorante. Para tanto, foram pesquisadas em bases de dados (Pubmed/Medline, Scopus e Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde) artigos com as seguintes palavras-chave: “essential oil” e “spasmolytic”, “essential oil” e “airway smooth muscle”, “essential oil” e “anthiasthmatic”, “essential oil” e “antitussive”, “essential oil” e “cough”, “essential oil” e “mucolytics” ou “essential oil” e “expectorant”. De um total de 868 artigos pesquisados, que continham as palavras-chave no título e/ou no resumo, foram encontradas 28 espécies de plantas com estudos relacionados à atividade de seus óleos essenciais no sistema respiratório.
Lippia thymoides ('alecrim-do-mato' or 'alecrim-do-campo') is used in Brazilian folk medicine to treat various illnesses, including diarrhea. This work aimed to evaluate in vitro spasmolytic and in vivo antidiarrheal activities of the L. thymoides essential oil (OOS) and to correlate with the traditional use of this plant. In isolated guinea-pig ileum, OOS presented a concentration-dependent spasmolytic activity in preparations pre-contracted with KCl 40 mM [EC = 16.89 (11.56-24.66) μg/mL], and antagonized phasic contractions induced by 1 μM carbachol [IC = 42.71 (37.35-48.83) μg/mL] or histamine [IC = 32.38 (27.44-38.20) μg/mL]. In mice, OOS at 400 mg/kg reduced intestinal transit, at 200 and 400 mg/kg reduced total stool mass and at 400 mg/kg reduced intestinal fluid accumulation. It was shown that the antidiarrheal effect of OOS is related to the inhibition of smooth muscle contraction and may be due to the presence of major compound β-caryophyllene in this essential oil.
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