Objective: The objective this review was to identify the current range of shear bond strength values (SBS) that are clinically acceptable based on a synthesis of the studies published in 20 years that evaluated the SBS of brackets bonded to dental enamel with emitter diode light photo activators and whether damage to the enamel has been reported after the test. Methodology: A search strategy was developed for the selection of articles published from 1999 to 2019 in the PubMed/MedLine electronic database. In addition to reading the titles, keywords and summaries of the studies found, the studies were also obtained for the reading of the methodologies and identification of the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The search for scientific articles resulted in 580 studies, but only 14 were selected based on the pre-established criteria. Ten presented methodological quality to be included in this integrative review, and the mean SBS found was 14,05 MPa with a standard deviation of ± 6,52 MPa (range from 7,53 to 20,57 MPa). Conclusion: In conclusion, it was observed that the range of shear bond strength values (5,9 to 7,8 MPa) and taken as a parameter by most authors until now is outdated, since higher values of SBS are feasible without, however, causing dental enamel damage after the debonding of the bracket.
Caffeine is a highly-consumed substance around the world and can be found in various food sources and certain medications. The present systematic review aimed to evaluate the effect of caffeine on bone metabolism in rats. A systematic review was conducted in the PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Cocharane, Embase, and Clinical Trials.gov databases, and the Guidelines for Preferential Reporting for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) were followed. In vivo experimental studies that presented caffeine as the study object were included, and studies which did not evaluate the bone metabolism and/or evaluated the caffeine in association with other substances were excluded. The quality evaluation of the selected studies was carried out following the guidelines of the Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) and the Animal Research Reporting In Vivo Experiment (ARRIVE). Nine of the 472 initially identified articles met the inclusion criteria and were selected for qualitative evaluation. There was a variation between the included studies regarding the administered caffeine doses in each experimental group, as well as their frequency and duration of ingestion. Most studies show that caffeine can interfere with bone metabolism, be it in a negative way by accelerating bone loss and delaying bone repair, or in a beneficial way by activating osteogenesis and bone neoformation. There is a need for further studies to better understand the real effect of caffeine on bone metabolism.
HIGHLIGHTS Nine of 472 initially identified articles were selected for qualitative evaluation. Most studies show that caffeine can interfere with bone metabolism. Caffeine can accelerate bone loss and delay bone repair. In contrast, caffeine can activate osteogenesis and bone neoformation. 2 Moreno, M.C.; et al.
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