This paper presents the characterization of municipal solid waste (MSW) randomly collected from two material recovery facilities in São Paulo city, before (input -recyclables) and after (output -rejects) the sorting processes. Geo-environmental and geotechnical tests were performed on shredded samples and a digestion method was applied to detect the metals As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentrations using an ICP OES. The objective was to assist future activities of integrated solid waste management and soil pollution. Results showed different particle sizes comparing the input (44.6%) and the output MSW (75.1%) passing through the 100-mm sieve. Organic matter and ash contents indicated the influence of inorganic carbon due to the plastics' presence, with values varying between 6 and 13%. The pH values obtained were neutral and the electrical conductivity of the MSW rejects suggested a higher amount of ions, with values above 1000 µS/cm. Metals analyses show that Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn are present in high concentrations, depending on the types of the materials. Standard Proctor compaction curves yielded maximum dry unit weight varying from 6.6 to 10.0 kN/m 3 and optimum moisture contents from 20 to 42%. Cohesion ranged from 1.3 to 31.3 kPa and friction angle from 3.2 to 42.9°. The results are comparable with those obtained for other countries using different MSW treatments and contribute to the data basis for MSW from the selective collection, aiming the integrated solid waste management, serving for other countries that adopt MSW sorting and recycling.
Municipal solid waste (MSW) management is challenging as a whole. Global waste generation is expected to continue to increase in the coming years, and landfills are currently the primary destination. Therefore, the stability of these structures must be carefully evaluated to prevent failures and associated health and pollution risks, which implies the determination of waste properties using more reliable approaches. This paper presents a scoping review of field data from MSW landfills and outlines suggestions for future work. Studies published in the past twenty years were selected following a systematic search process in databases. Aspects discussed include (1) strength parameters and soil behavior type from in situ testing, (2) elastic moduli from seismic wave propagation, and (3) moisture content from geoelectrical measurements. Although the values of geotechnical parameters have varied due to waste heterogeneity and applied methods, the trends observed with depth and age could be compared. Research opportunities involve the spatial analysis of mechanical properties at a given site, seismic response of landfills with high organic content and saturation degree, interpretation of long-term resistivity monitoring, and combination of electrical properties to assess the degradation stages within the waste mass.
This paper presents the characterization of municipal solid waste (MSW) randomly collected from two Material Recovery Facilities in São Paulo city, before (input - recyclables) and after (output - rejects) the sorting processes. Geo-environmental and geotechnical tests were performed on shredded samples and a digestion method was applied to detect the metals As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentrations using ICP OES. The objective was to assist future activities of integrated solid waste management and soil pollution. Results showed different particle sizes comparing the input (44.6%) and the output MSW (75.1%) passing through the 100 mm sieve. Organic matter and ash contents indicated the influence of inorganic carbon due to plastics' presence, with values varying between 6-13%. The pH values obtained were neutral and the electrical conductivity of the MSW rejects suggested a higher amount of ions, with values above 1000 µS/cm. Metals analyses show that Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn are present in high concentrations, depending on the types of the materials. Standard Proctor compaction curves yielded maximum dry unit weight varying from 6.6 kN/m³ to 10.0 kN/m³ and optimum moisture contents from 20–42%. Cohesion ranged from 1.3 kPa to 31.3 kPa and friction angle from 3.2° and 42.9°. The results are comparable with those obtained for other countries using different MSW treatments and contribute to the data basis for MSW from the selective collection, aiming the integrated solid waste management, serving for other countries that adopt MSW sorting and recycling.
RESUMO: A Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS), caso implementada integralmente, implicará em alterações na composição gravimétrica da parcela enviada para os aterros sanitários, além da escassez de áreas adequadas para a implantação dos mesmos. Logo, técnicas de minimização de volume de RSU e seu adequado gerenciamento determinado pela hierarquia proposta pela lei serão necessários. Em termos geotécnicos, há uma preocupação acerca da resistência ao cisalhamento, propriedade associada à análise de estabilidade e estimativa da vida útil da estrutura. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo estabelecer uma metodologia para realização do ensaio de cisalhamento direto dos rejeitos secos coletados nas duas Centrais Mecanizadas de Triagem (CMTs) localizadas no município de São Paulo (SP). A revisão da literatura indicou valores de coesão entre 0 e 64 kPa e ângulo de atrito entre 15,7° e 42,6°. Contudo, é possível que a condição triturada reduza o índice de vazios e, consequentemente, aumente o peso específico seco após a compactação. Ensaios de Proctor Normal foram previamente realizados com amostras de rejeitos de cada CMT, quando obteve-se ρ d,máx variando de 670 kg/m³ a 1010 kg/m³ e w ot de 18% a 42%. Deste modo, entende-se que o cisalhamento para amostras secas trituradas poderá ser executado de acordo com aquele preconizado na norma ASTM D3080, 2011, com célula de 60 x 60 mm, velocidade de 0,7 mm/min e tensões normais de 50 kPa, 100 kPa e 150 kPa.
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