Purpose With advancement in neonatal care units, early detection of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in premature and verylow-birth-weight infants is important. Numerous studies have reported an increased risk of ROP in prematurely born infants, but only few have been long-term and strictly population-based. The aim of the present study was to find out whether birthweight Ͻ1251 grams and gestational age Ͻ30 weeks could provide a safe and efficient means of detecting treatable ROP. We have retrospectively tried to ascertain the incidence and associated risk factors that may contribute to the management of babies with ROP. Methods Infants either with a birth weight below 1500 g or a gestational age of less than 32 weeks were screened for ROP during an 8-year period by a single examiner. Results An incidence of 64/205 (31.2%) ROP was noted. The mean age at detection was 5.5 ؎ 2 weeks of life. The maximum stage reached was stage 1 in 27 (13.2%), stage 2 in 24 (11.7%) and stage 3 in 10 (4.8%) babies. Threshold ROP was present in three (1.5%) babies. Significantly fewer (150/205 = 73%) babies would have been examined had a birth weight of Ͻ1251 grams and a gestational age Ͻ30 weeks been applied. There were five (8%) babies with birth weight Ͼ1250 grams and eight (12%) babies with gestational age Ͼ30 weeks amongst babies with ROP but all were stage 1 or stage 2. All the stage 3 ROP and the threshold ROP cases were babies with birth weight Ͻ1000 grams and gestational age below 28 weeks. Conclusion Ophthalmic examination may be safely and efficiently concentrated in babies with birth weight Ͻ1251 grams and gestational age below 30 weeks. Birth weight (P Ͻ 0.005) and gestational age (P Ͻ 0.01) were the only significant risk factors. During this 8-year period there was no significant decrease in the number of babies screened for ROP and the overall incidence of all stages of the disease has remained constant. In the present series a lower incidence of severe ROP was noted compared to most previous studies. Our experience from this study suggests the need for further refinement of screening guidelines in order to focus screening on the vision-threatening stages of ROP.

abstract:Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) among pregnant women in Oman and compare their obstetric and perinatal outcomes. Methods: This retrospective study assessed the obstetric and perinatal outcomes of pregnant Omani women with GDM or PGDM who delivered at the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital in Muscat, Oman, between January 2009 and December 2010. Results: There were a total of 5,811 deliveries during the study period. Of the 5,811 women who gave birth, 639 women were found to have diabetes mellitus (11.0%). A total of 581 of the diabetic women had GDM (90.9%) and only 58 (9.1%) had PGDM. Women with PGDM had a significantly higher incidence of pre-eclampsia (P = 0.022), preterm deliveries (P <0.001) and Caesarean sections (P <0.001). Neonatal complications, such as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), neonatal hypoglycaemia, neonatal jaundice and subsequent admission to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were significantly higher for neonates born to mothers with PGDM compared to those born to mothers with GDM (P <0.001). The corrected perinatal mortality rates for women with PGDM and GDM were 34.5 and 13.7 per 1,000 live births, respectively. Conclusion: In this Omani cohort, women with PGDM were at higher risk of developing obstetric and perinatal complications such as pre-eclampsia, preterm delivery and Caesarean delivery compared to women with GDM. In addition, neonates who had mothers with PGDM had higher rates of RDS, neonatal hypoglycaemia, neonatal jaundice and admission to the NICU. Gestational and Pregestational Diabetes Mellitus in Omani WomenComparison of obstetric and perinatal outcomes

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