In this review article, a comprehensive insight is given into current progress of electrochemical evaluation of MOFs based material as efficient anode and cathode materials for LIBs.
An Ag2O(x)−PrO2(y)/γ-Al2O3 electrocatalyst series (X:Y is for Ag:Pr from 0 to 10) was synthesized, to use synthesized samples in electrochemical applications, a step in fuel cells advancements. Ag2O(x)−PrO2(y)/γ-Al2O3/Glassy-Carbon was investigated for electrochemical oxidation of ammonia in alkaline medium and proved to be highly effective, having high potential utility, as compared to commonly used Pt-based electrocatalysts. In this study, gamma alumina as catalytic support was synthesized via precipitation method, and stoichiometric wt/wt.% compositions of Ag2O−PrO2 were loaded on γ-Al2O3 by co-impregnation method. The desired phase of γ-Al2O3 and supported nanocatalysts was obtained after heat treatment at 800 and 600 °C, respectively. The successful loadings of Ag2O−PrO2 nanocatalysts on surface of γ-Al2O3 was determined by X-rays diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and energy dispersive analysis (EDX). The nano-sized domain of the sample powders sustained with particle sizes was calculated via XRD and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface morphology and elemental compositions were examined by SEM, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and EDX. The conductive and electron-transferring nature was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance (EIS). Cyclic voltammetric profiles were observed, and respective kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were calculated, which showed that these synthesized materials are potential catalysts for ammonia electro-oxidation. Ag2O(6)−PrO2(4)/γ-Al2O3 proved to be the most proficient catalyst among all the members of the series, having greater diffusion coefficient, heterogeneous rate constant and lesser Gibbs free energy for this system. The catalytic activity of these electrocatalysts is revealed from electrochemical studies which reflected their potentiality as electrode material in direct ammonia fuel cell technology for energy production.
The oxygen reduction and evolution reaction (ORR/OER), are the keystones for many energy generating and storage devices, have influence with many electrocatalytic reactions. The sluggish kinetics of these reaction is a challenging situation on the surface of electrodes which imposes large over-potential and affects the energy output of fuel cells. Although the platinum-based electrode materials have excellent activity toward ORR/OER but their high cost limits commercialization of fuel cells. To deal with this problem, platinum-free electrode materials has aroused the considerations of scientists. The present work is proposed to study the oxygen reduction reaction and water oxidation on the surface of xAg 2 O-yPrO 2 /γ-Al 2 O 3 /Glassy-Carbon. The ORR was studied electrochemically via cyclic voltammetry on the surface of these nano-catalysts while the OER was investigated via cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry in alkaline media. The mechanism of ORR on catalysts surface was enquired and the results indicate that ORR followed two electrons pathway in case of 10PrO 2 /γ-Al 2 O 3 / Glassy-Carbon while four electrons reduction pathway is identified on surface of others catalysts which divulged that addition of silver with praseodymium shifted the mechanism from 2e À to 4e À pathway. The electrocatalysts featured the stability during multiple scans and no corrosion of electrode in OER/ORR is observed.Different kinetic parameters for both reactions are determined which affirmed that both ORR and OER on the active surface of catalysts is irreversible and diffusion controlled. 4Ag 2 O-6PrO 2 /γ-Al 2 O 3 is indicated to be proficient electro-catalyst among other members of the series, having greater value of mass transport and diffusion coefficients. The bi-functionality of all electrocatalysts are verified by their electrochemical responses in alkaline medium. The catalytic reduction of oxygen and oxidation of water by these electro-catalysts imitates their potential as electrode material in batteries and unitized regenerative fuel cells (URFC) technology for energy production as substitute of platinum electrode.
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