The objective of the present study was to develop sequential extraction procedures for the major carotenoids -beta-carotene and lycopene from agro-industrial waste materials -tomato skin, tangerine and orange peels using the ultrasound-assisted extraction and the supercritical fluid extraction techniques. A rapid, effective and selective high performance liquid chromatographic method for quantitative determination of beta-carotene and lycopene in organic extracts solutions was developed and validated with respect to robustness, specificity, linearity-range, accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) as well. The effect of the operating pressure, the temperature, the extraction time, the flow rate of supercritical fluid, the sample size, the ultrasound power and the solvent nature used was investigated. The optimal conditions for extraction were found. The LOD and the LOQ are 0.0081µg/mL and 0.00405 µg/mL for beta-carotene, 0.034 µg/mL and 0.0085 µg/mL for lycopene, respectively. No interference was observed. The content of betacarotene per 1 g of dried agro-industrial waste material varies 8.39 -12.75 µg (tomato skin), 25.65 -32.18 µg (tangerine peel), 41.66 -59.16 µg (orange peel) and the content of lycopene -165.11 -179.56 µg (tomato skin), 11.12 -17.91 µg (tangerine peel), 8.37 -10.65 µg (orange peel).
The aim of the present study was to develop a is simple, effective, eco-friendly, reproducible and high-yield two-stage ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) procedure combined with quantitative determination high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for obtaining isomeric triterpene acids - oleanolic acid (OA) and ursolic acid (UA) in the crystalline dried powdered form from apple processing agro-industrial waste material. A rapid, sensitive and specific HPLC method was developed and validated with respect to robustness, specificity, linearity-range, accuracy, precision and sensitivity. The effect of the nature and the volume of the extraction solvent, the extraction time and the sample size on the extraction efficiency were investigated. The optimal conditions for high-yield extraction were found.
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