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Introduction: Globally, rape of women is a serious health, social and religiousconcern and is considered as a violation of women basic human right. Objective: The aim wasto ascertain incidence of natural sexual offence (rape) in Punjab and to analyze the data withrespect to sociodemographic characteristics, findings of medicolegal examination and resultsof evidence collected from victims of sexual assault. Material and Method: This retrospectivestudy was conducted on 148 female victims of rape brought to Forensic Medicine Departmentof King Edward Medical University Lahore, Fatima Jinnah Medical College Lahore and NishtarMedical College, Multan from January 2012 to December 2013 for medicolegal examination.Details pertaining to socio-demographic profile of the victim, incident, findings of medicalexamination and results of evidence collected were noted. Data was analyzed using SPSSversion 20. Result: The most affected age group was 11-20 years (60.8 %). Majority of victimswere unmarried (70.9%), non- working (79.72%) and of lower socioeconomic class (71.6%) Allwere Muslims (100%). The highest number of victims was examined on the second day (24.3%).31% cases were of gang rape. Majority knew the assailant (45.9%). The commonest place ofoffence was an isolated place (66.2%) Extragenital injuries were seen in 10.8% cases. Hymenwas intact in 3.3% victims. The tears of hymen were old in 77.6% and fresh in 22.3% cases.Semen was detected in 18.2% cases. 1.3% victims were pregnant and 4% were intoxicated.Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of addressing rape as an important healthissue.

ABSTRACT… Introduction: Injury is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the pattern of physical injuries in medicolegal cases presented to Services hospital, Lahore. Study Design: Descriptive study. Setting: Accident and emergency department of Services hospital, Lahore. Period: 1 st January 2014 and 31 st December 2014. Method: All cases presenting for medico legal examination with physical injuries were included. Data was collected regarding age, gender, types of injuries, body area involved, causative weapon and whether certification of injuries was done according to Qisas and Diyat Ordinance. Results: A total of 86.4% cases were of physical injuries. Out of these cases, 73% of blunt weapon, 11% of firearm weapon, 10% of sharp weapon, 4%of road traffic accidents and1.5 % of bomb blast presented in the medico-legal clinic. Males (87.4%) outnumbered females (12.5%) Almost two-third of victims (64.2%) were between 21 and 40 years of age. The head and neck were the areas most commonly injured in cases of blunt trauma 48.3% while limbs were more likely to be involved in other physical injuries. All cases were certified according to Qisas and Diyat Ordinance. Conclusion: It is the hour of need that both public and private sectors work together in devising and implementing effective injury prevention programs. Key words:Physical Injuries, Blunt Trauma, Firearm Injuries, Qisas & Diyat. Article Citation: Arif M, Rasool SH. Physical injuries; Major cause of medicolegal cases reported to services hospital, Lahore.

Objectives: Estimation of height from upper arm length in healthy adult medicalstudents in Lahore. Design: Cross sectional, observational. Place and Duration of Study:FMH College of Medicine & Dentistry, Lahore from November 2017 to January 2018. Materialand Methods: This study included 100 healthy medical students (50 males and 50 females)aged 19-25 years. The stature and upper arm length were measured for each subject inanatomical position. The data was compiled on excel and then analyzed on SPSS version11. Results: Stature in males was between 162 and 192 cm with the mean of 173.4 cm andstandard deviation of 6.03 cm while the stature in females was from 147 to 169.5 cm with themean of 159.9 cm and standard deviation of 5.39 cm. Overall, there was positive correlationbetween stature and UAL of subjects (r2=0.86, p=2.85E-44). Also this correlation was evidentfor male cases (r2=0.88, P=5.85E-24) as well as female cases (r=0.96, P=5.72E-35) whenevaluated as separate entities. All these correlations were statistically significant. Conclusion:The study suggested that upper arm length is a reliable factor for predicting the stature inmedical students in Lahore.