This study empirically examines the performance and obstacles of SMEs in BRICS economies. For empirical evaluation, Ordinary Least Square technique has applied by taking the time period between “2000-2017”. Performance has taken as dependent variable and obstacles; firm characteristics and global factor have taken as explanatory variables. Estimated results show that ownership and size have a positive impact on SMEs growth and performance. Age has a negative and significant impact on the performance and growth of SMEs. Technology has a positive and significant impact on the performance of SMEs. Obstacles i.e. courts, crime, access to finance, practices of competitors and electricity has a negative and significant impact on the performance of SMEs. Access to land, infrastructure and workforce has a positive and significant impact on SMEs performance. It becomes very important for the policymakers or investigators to pay attention towards making SMEs more competent, capable and productive in order to attain the goal of sustainable development and progress.
Thailand is one of the biggest developing nations of 'Southeast Asia,' economy which use heavy amount of renewable energy. So, this research mainly focuses on the paradigm that examines the effects of renewable energy, and it has combined the nation's economic development predictions. To verify this, time-series data from the year 1990 the up-to-the year 2018 utilized for the examination. The research utilized the (ARDL) Auto-Regressive-Distributive-Lag with Bound test model to confirm the relationship between renewable energy and economic growth in Thailand. Time series data is use in this study so (ADF) Augmented-Dickey-Fuller test apply to check stationary of the variables and further use Granger-causality to check causal association amongst energy and growth. The study's outcomes revealed that the consumption of renewable energy in Thailand combined the nation's economic development predictions up to the range, which is the 1% boost in consumption of renewable energies to increase Thailand's economic development by 0.57 percent. Additionally, a 1 percent boost in capital formation leads towards the rise in economic development by 0.025 percent. However, a 1.70 percent boost in economic development is because of the 1 percent increase in labor efficiency. On the other side, the causality examination showed that the presence of the feedback consequence among consumption of renewable energies also the capital initiate to be bidirectional. Also, their same interpretation was revealed to existed amongst economic development and the capital. The research recommends that there must be some robust measures that help prevent the failure of the renewable energy market internationally between others and domestically.
By taking a sample of 150 non-financial firms listed on PSX, this study has empirically examined the impact of ownership structure on firm performance while considering multiple dimensions. This study employed the system GMM econometric technique to examine the association between ownership structure and firm performance. According to the computed results of the study, family ownership puts a positive and highly significant impact on the market performance of the firm. It has also found a strong and significant relationship between family control and the market value of a firm. Similarly, group affiliation and market performance of the firm have a strong and significant association but in a negative direction. Institutional ownership is significantly related to the accounting and market performance of the firm. Moreover, the joint impact of institutional and family ownership is positively and significantly related to the accounting performance of the firm. Finally, institutional activism is positively and significantly related to the accounting performance of the firm.
Purpose:In recent times, women’s status has been upgraded through an increase in socio-economic factors, which had implications in determining their bargaining power. The bargaining process produces household decisions which usually consist of unequal bargaining power. This study investigating the socio-economic factors through which female education and income change their bargaining power at the household. Design/Methodology/Approach:For this purpose, a primary survey through a questionnaire has administered in different areas of Punjab, Pakistan. We have collected the data 200 working married women OLS ordinary least square model has been applied to estimate our results. Findings:The result of the study shows that the socio-economic factors has significant and positive role in determining the women bargaining power within and outside the household. Higher income and education not only enhance their bargaining power in decision-making within and outside the household but also increase the status of women in society. Implications/Originality/Value:Oursociety needs to change their prospective towards women by removing these obstacles and giving them freedom of voice and choice, so they can lead their life according to their will. Changing such social norms through education will create better position for women in the household as well in society.
The Covid-19 pandemic has wreaked havoc throughout the world, with 150 million cases to date and over 3 million lives claimed worldwide Objectives: To assess the immediate side effects of Covid-19 vaccination among the people of Pakistan Study Design: Randomized, descriptive cross-sectional study Methodology: Present study was carried out using an online questionnaire by enrolling 17040 subjects. Inclusion/Exclusion criteria: All citizens of Pakistan over the age of 12, who were eligible for the COVID-19 vaccination were enrolled. Statistical analysis: Data was analyzed by SPSS software, version 25 in terms of frequencies and percentages. Results: In present study, results showed that 76% subjects were vaccinated. Among them 64% received Sinopharm, 30% Sinovac, 0.7% Pfizer, 0.5% Astrazeneca, 2.8% Moderna, 0.8% Cansino, 0.3% PakVac and 0.1% Sputnik V. Most participants (66%) suffered no symptoms post vaccination. Only 15% developed fever, 7% dizziness, 5% vomiting, 4% pain at injection site, 2% headache and 1% fatigue. After vaccination, 1% had a re-infection and 99% so far have not caught Covid-19. Among all participants, 87% found the vaccine safe, 7% were neutral and 5% found it unsafe. Conclusion: We concluded that most Pakistanis have received the Chinese vaccine i.e. Sinopharm. Majority individuals have experienced either no to mild or few moderate type of adverse effects following immunization irrespective of the age and gender that can be easily managed at home. Key Words: COVID-19, Vaccination, Awareness and Adverse Effec
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