The Covid-19 pandemic has wreaked havoc throughout the world, with 150 million cases to date and over 3 million lives claimed worldwide Objectives: To assess the immediate side effects of Covid-19 vaccination among the people of Pakistan Study Design: Randomized, descriptive cross-sectional study Methodology: Present study was carried out using an online questionnaire by enrolling 17040 subjects. Inclusion/Exclusion criteria: All citizens of Pakistan over the age of 12, who were eligible for the COVID-19 vaccination were enrolled. Statistical analysis: Data was analyzed by SPSS software, version 25 in terms of frequencies and percentages. Results: In present study, results showed that 76% subjects were vaccinated. Among them 64% received Sinopharm, 30% Sinovac, 0.7% Pfizer, 0.5% Astrazeneca, 2.8% Moderna, 0.8% Cansino, 0.3% PakVac and 0.1% Sputnik V. Most participants (66%) suffered no symptoms post vaccination. Only 15% developed fever, 7% dizziness, 5% vomiting, 4% pain at injection site, 2% headache and 1% fatigue. After vaccination, 1% had a re-infection and 99% so far have not caught Covid-19. Among all participants, 87% found the vaccine safe, 7% were neutral and 5% found it unsafe. Conclusion: We concluded that most Pakistanis have received the Chinese vaccine i.e. Sinopharm. Majority individuals have experienced either no to mild or few moderate type of adverse effects following immunization irrespective of the age and gender that can be easily managed at home. Key Words: COVID-19, Vaccination, Awareness and Adverse Effec
Background: Down syndrome or trisomy 21, is mostly associated with characteristic facial features, delayed physical growth and mild to moderate intellectual disability with co-morbidities. Not many people are well aware of facts related to down syndromes. Aim: To identify the level of awareness and knowledge among parents of school going down syndrome. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional survey conducted at special children’s schools in Islamabad and Rawalpindi, from February 2021 to March 2021. Sample size was 44. We adopted convenience non-probability sampling technique. Parents that fulfill the inclusion criteria i.e. school going down syndromes, 5 to 32 years of age and residents of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, in an interactive counselling session, keeping the questionnaire anonymous. After data collection it was entered in SPSS v25 for statistical analysis. Results: Analysis of the questionnaire regarding the Knowledge of physical features of a child with Down syndrome showed that most 97% of the people were aware about facial profile and nose. 65.9% people responded positively regarding their knowledge about small head, ears and nose. 88.6% had knowledge about wide, short hands and short fingers. 65.9 knew about single deep crease across palm. 88.6 told that Down’s children had long tongue. 45.5% knew they have squint. 88.6% have knowledge about loss of muscle tone. Regarding memory 45.5% knew they have poor memory while 93.2% knew they are slow learners. Conclusion: Our selected candidates are mostly well aware of this condition but there is still the need for spreading further awareness to overcome the problems faced by the child and for their better management. Keywords: Awareness, Down Syndrome, Communication
Background: COVID 19 has become a major health issue and has globally affected masses and increased mortality in all parts of the world. Therefore, with limited information available healthcare workers faced a multitude of problems and challenges in managing the affected individuals globally and to no surprise with developing information database regarding this disease; many lost their lives. Aim: To assess the understanding of healthcare worker regarding COVID-19 pandemic and their competence in dealing with the current situation and to ascertain whether HCWs are actively participating in activities that hell them deal with the outbreak. Study design: Descriptive cross sectional survey Place and duration of study: Department of Medicine, Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore from 26th September 2020 to 30th May 2020. Methodology: Three hundred and sixty eight individuals participated in survey throughout Pakistan. The questionnaire consisting of four parts designed according to available data on coronavirus and study participants were tested for their knowledge and preparedness through multiple questions. All healthcare workers from different designation, specialties and hospitals participated for this research. Results: Two hundred and eighty seven aged less than 35 and rest were above 35.68.5% were from public sector and rest worked in private hospitals.340 people participated from hospitals in Punjab and remaining were from other parts of Pakistan. Internet was major source of information. Study participants stated themselves as prepared in dealing with COVID 19 matters however, knowledge based questions were not answered correctly by many individuals. Conclusion: This research was meant to identify the gaps in information and take measures to provide better health practices. The correct answers percentage was higher for more experienced individuals and who are acutely dealing with Covid infection. Also, the people who had prior exposure to some other outbreak made the right choices most of time. Keywords: COVID-19, Coronavirus, Knowledge, Preparedness, Healthcare workers, Attitude, Awareness
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