Major depression etiopathogenesis is related to a wide variety of genetics, demographic and psychosocial factors, as well as to environmental factors. The objective of this study is to analyze sociodemographic and environmental variables that are related to the prevalence of depression through correlation analysis and to develop a regression model that explains the behavior of this disease from an ecological perspective. This is an ecological, retrospective, cross-sectional study. The target population was 1,148,430 individuals over the age of 16 who were registered in Aragon (Spain) during 2010, with electronic medical records in the community’s primary health care centers. The spatial unit was the Basic Health Area (BHA). The dependent variable was the diagnosis of Depression and the ecological independent variables were: Demographic variables (gender and age), population distribution, typology of the entity, population structure by sex and age, by nationality, by education, by work, by salary, by marital status, structure of the household by number of members, and state of the buildings. The results show moderate and positive correlations with higher rates of depression in areas having a higher femininity index, higher population density, areas with a higher unemployment rate and higher average salary. The results of the linear regression show that aging +75 and rural entities act as protective factors for depression, while urban areas and deficient buildings act as risk factors. In conclusion, the ecological methodology may be a useful tool which, together with the statistical epidemiological analysis, can help in the political decision making process.
View related articles View Crossmark data Citing articles: 6 View citing articles Modelling temporal variation of fire-occurrence towards the dynamic prediction of human wildfire ignition danger in northeast Spain Yago Mart ın a , Mar ıa Z uñiga-Ant on d and Marcos Rodrigues Mimbrero b,c
Climate teleconnections (CT) synchronize and influence weather features such as temperature, precipitation and, subsequently, drought and fuel moisture in many regions across the globe. CTs thus may be related to cycles in wildfire activity, and thereby help fire managers to anticipate fire-prone weather conditions as well as envisaging their future evolution. A wide number of CTs modulate weather in the Iberian Peninsula (IP), exerting different levels of influence at different spatial and seasonal scales on a wide range of weather factors. In this work, we investigated the link between the most relevant CT patterns in the IP and fire activity and danger, exploring different spatial and temporal scales of aggregation. We analyzed a period of 36 years (1980–2015) using historical records of fire events (>100 ha burned) and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (FWI). Cross-correlation analysis was performed on monthly time series of CTs and fire data. Results pointed towards the North Atlantic Oscillation (in the western half of the IP) and Mediterranean Oscillation Index (along the Mediterranean coast) as the key CTs boosting burned area (BA) and fire weather danger in the IP. Both CTs relate to the relative position of the Azorean anticlone, fostering hazardous fire weather conditions during their positive phases, i.e. low rainfall and warm temperature leading to low fuel moisture content. The Scandinavian pattern index also played an important role in the western half of the Peninsula, linked to a decrease in rainfall during its negative phases. Nonetheless, the association between the CTs and BA (up to 0.5 Pearson’s R p < 0.05) was weaker than the observed between CTs and FWI (up to 0.75 Pearson’s R p < 0.05).
Over the past decades, a large number of Spatial Planning Observatories (SPOs) have emerged in Europe in response to certain factors, such as the growing complexity of urban systems, the development of GIScience or European Union territorial policies. Previous studies have shown that SPOs have little effect when confronted with planning practice. It is believed that one of the main reasons is that the maps held by SPOs are not always focused on decision making; however, this argument has not yet been sufficiently proven. To address this problem and inspired by the doctrine of performance-based evaluation for spatial planning, we assess the performance for planning that a relevant number of European SPOs have according to their maps. The assessment takes into consideration two assumptions: (A) maps must be of continuing relevance to the situation as it evolves; (B) maps must help in defining operational decision situations for different focus groups (decision makers, planners, the public). We find that SPO maps could be excellent tools for planning, although an important number of improvements are still needed. In this sense, we discuss the potential role of SPO maps in addressing a collaborative dialogue between key planning agents in analysing urban dynamics, as well as in fostering new urban governance processes through the consideration of public participation.
El Grupo de Estudios en Ordenación del Territorio (GEOT) del Departamento de Geografía de la Universidad de Zaragoza en colaboración con la Catedra Territorio, Sociedad y Visualización Geográfica, con el Ayuntamiento de Zaragoza y con el Instituto Geográfico de Aragón, han trabajado desde junio de 2020 en el proyecto de investigación titulado: “Desarrollo de Herramientas geoespaciales de apoyo para la mejora de la gestión de la información en alerta sanitaria del COVID-19 y su posterior gestión epidemiológica, social y económica”. Este proyecto ha sido financiado por la convocatoria competitiva Programa COVID19/Mecenazgo BANCO SANTANDER-UNIZAR. y tiene dictamen favorable del Comité de Ética de la Investigación de la Comunidad Autónoma de Aragón desde septiembre de 2020. El proyecto tiene como objetivo general ofrecer protocolos de trabajo que integren el tratamiento masivo de información social, económica y sanitaria para su posterior análisis y representación multiescalar mediante cartografía temática, sirviendo de base para el desarrollo de políticas de gestión sanitaria, social y económica que mitiguen/supriman los efectos de COVID-19.
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