The problem of oncological and precancerous diseases of the oral mucosa is urgent, because the prevalence of these diseases is high, as well as malignant neoplasms of this localization are among the most aggressive and difficult to treat human neoplasms, characterized by a high percentage of mortality. These facts determine the increased importance of primary prevention of precancerous and cancerous diseases, the purpose of which is to identify and eliminate predictive factors of the development of these pathologies. Objective of the study is to conduct a systematic analysis of modern Russian and foreign literary sources in the aspect of predictive factors of the occurrence of precancerous and cancerous diseases of the red border of the lips and oral mucosa and their main mechanisms. Methodology. The research is based on the search and analysis of modern Russian and foreign original sources on the topic in the databases eLibrary, Pubmed, Crossref. Results. The development of precancerous and oncological diseases is a complex multifactorial process that proceeds under the influence of a number of prognostic factors that have both isolated and synergistic effects on the human body at the local or general level. Conclusion. We have analyzed the scientific literature, which indicates a significant contribution of a wide range of modifiable and unmodifiable factors in the development of precancerous and oncological processes. Identification and correction of probable risk factors for the occurrence of precancerous and oncological diseases of the oral mucosa can help prevent the development of these diseases.
A review of the literature devoted to an urgent topic in dentistry – the role of violations of the microbiocenosis of the oral cavity in the formation of somatic and dental pathology. Interactions with the microbiota lay the most important aspects of normal physiology, metabolism and human immunity. The aim of the study is to review the modern scientific literature (for the period from 2016 to the present), highlighting the role of violations of the microbiocenosis of the oral cavity in the formation of oral-systemic communication, somatic and dental pathology. Methodology. The data of special literature were studied using scientific search library databases: PubMed Central, Elibrary. The search for original scientific publications was carried out by keywords. This review includes an analysis of 59 scientific sources. Results and conclusions. This literature review systematizes modern scientific data on the relationship between the violation of the microbiota of the oral cavity and the formation of a diverse somatic and dental pathology, parallels are drawn between individual microbial agents and associations and specific diseases. The review also presents up-to-date data on the study of the features of the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection, including in the aspect of the importance of the oral microbiota during coinfection. The review allowed us to identify a number of common mechanisms in the development of microbiota-induced pathological processes, to substantiate the practical significance of the problem, which is associated with the need to take into account the nature of the oral microbiota, its possible violations in the diagnosis, treatment, prevention of dental and systemic diseases. The prospects for further research are formulated, which can be the basis for predicting the risk of individual dental and systemic diseases.
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