Predictive Factors and Mechanisms of Their Implementation in the Development of Precancerous and Oncological Diseases of the Oral Mucosa

Abstract

The problem of oncological and precancerous diseases of the oral mucosa is urgent, because the prevalence of these diseases is high, as well as malignant neoplasms of this localization are among the most aggressive and difficult to treat human neoplasms, characterized by a high percentage of mortality.
 These facts determine the increased importance of primary prevention of precancerous and cancerous diseases, the purpose of which is to identify and eliminate predictive factors of the development of these pathologies.
 Objective of the study is to conduct a systematic analysis of modern Russian and foreign literary sources in the aspect of predictive factors of the occurrence of precancerous and cancerous diseases of the red border of the lips and oral mucosa and their main mechanisms.
 Methodology. The research is based on the search and analysis of modern Russian and foreign original sources on the topic in the databases eLibrary, Pubmed, Crossref.
 Results. The development of precancerous and oncological diseases is a complex multifactorial process that proceeds under the influence of a number of prognostic factors that have both isolated and synergistic effects on the human body at the local or general level.
 Conclusion. We have analyzed the scientific literature, which indicates a significant contribution of a wide range of modifiable and unmodifiable factors in the development of precancerous and oncological processes. Identification and correction of probable risk factors for the occurrence of precancerous and oncological diseases of the oral mucosa can help prevent the development of these diseases.