Cervical microbial communities serve a crucial role in the persistence and development of oncogenic human papilloma virus (HPV) infections. In the present study, the authors hypothesised that disturbed heterogeneity of microbial flora was associated with HPV-induced carcinogenesis. Swabs of the cervical microbiota were collected from 250 women and the 16S ribosomal DNA was sequenced using a high throughput assay. The swabs of cervical microbiota were grouped according to the community state types (CSTs) as follows: Healthy cervical swabs; swabs taken from low-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions (LSIL) and swabs taken from high-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions (HSIL). Analysis of the bacterial classes revealed that the CST cervical swabs of the volunteers were characterised by Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus iners and Lactobacillus taiwanensis, however, Gardnerella vaginalis and Lactobacillus acidophilus were absent. In the CST of patients with LSIL the predominant type of bacteria was Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus iners, however Lactobacillus crispatus was not detected. Swabs from CST women diagnosed with HSIL exhibited abundant Gardnerella vaginalis and Lactobacillus acidophilus, however, lacked Lactobacillus taiwanensis, Lactobacillus iners a nd L actobacillus crispatus. T he abunda nce of Lactobacillus acidophilus in swabs from the healthy women was compared with the swabs from the women with LSIL. The results of the present study indicated that the development of HPV-induced cancer is associated with a high diversity of vaginal microbiota, which is involved in the control of viral persistence, and is therefore indicative of disease prognosis.
Aim. To assess the role of the Th1 and Th2 cellular response in the etiology of endometriosis observed in a rat model, with the use of the RESAN immunomodulator. Materials and Methods. A comparative analysis of cytokines in blood serum typical of Th1 (TNF-α and INF-γ) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10) cell response in groups of rats, in which RESAN preparation was used as prophylaxis (Gr. I) or treatment (Gr. II) of endometriosis. Results. The results indicated an increase in the level of cytokines in blood serum typical of Th2 cell response by comparing the second and third stages of the experiment in the second group of rats and a decrease in IL-4 and IL-10 between III and IV stages. There was a significant difference in cytokine levels during the third stage of the experiment by comparing I and II groups of rats. In the III group of rats, levels of IL-10 significantly increased between the II and III stages of the experiment. Conclusion. RESAN preparation shows Th2 cell response, inhibiting the development of endometriosis in a rat model. Due to successful prophylactic action, one may speculate that RESAN vaccine may be effective as a complementary treatment after surgical excision.
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