A new monotypic genus and a new species of Monimiaceae, Grazielanthus arkeocarpus from the Brazilian Atlantic coastal forest are described, illustrated and compared with morphologically related taxa. The new taxon occurs in the State of Rio de Janeiro in the central coastal plain and was collected in the Poço das Antas Biological Reserve, municipality of Silva Jardim (22°30 ′-22°33 ′ S; 42°14 ′-42°19 ′W). The new taxon is represented by dioecious climbing shrubs of the sub-canopy that have urceolate, four-lobed flowers and a fleshy hypanthium that is closed until the fruit ripens. When ripe, the hypanthium ruptures irregularly and the fruitlets are exposed. The relationships between the new genus and other neotropical (Hennecartia J. Poiss. and Macrotorus Perkins) and paleotropical (Palmeria F. Muell.) genera are discussed.
A restinga de Praia das Neves ocupa uma extensa área (ca. 67 km2) no extremo sul do Estado do Espírito Santo (21°14′35.35″S e 40°56′48.68″W), limitada pelo Rio Itabapoana, na divisa com o Estado do Rio de Janeiro. O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar e caracterizar as diferentes formações vegetais dessa restinga e sua flora associada, incluindo o reconhecimento dos habitats relacionados ao lagarto ameaçado de extinção Liolaemus lutzae Mertens, 1938. Excursões para caracterização da flora local foram realizadas em campanhas pontuais, entre os anos de 2008 e 2011, e o material botânico foi identificado e posteriormente depositado no Herbário RBR do Departamento de Botânica da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. A caracterização das diferentes formações encontradas baseou-se em observações locais e na bibliografia especializada, considerando aspectos físicos do ambiente, o hábito e a composição das espécies vegetais. A vegetação da restinga de Praia das Neves reúne sete formações florestais, arbustivas e herbáceas, distribuídas em geral em faixas paralelas a linha da costa. Foram registradas 167 espécies de plantas vasculares, reunidas em 58 famílias, ocorrendo nas diferentes formações. A grande maioria das espécies estudadas é exclusiva de uma única formação, enquanto que Allagoptera arenaria (guriri-da-praia) se destaca por ocorrer em quase todas as formações locais. A restinga de Praia das Neves mantém extensos trechos em bom estado de conservação, com espécies listadas como ameaçadas para a flora do Estado do Espírito Santo e com importantes remanescentes de formações costeiras no Estado. Embora sua maior extensão esteja contida em área privada, ações futuras devem assegurar a preservação da restinga local, com suas formações vegetais e a biota associada, conforme indica a legislação federal vigente.
This paper aimed to characterize the anatomical structure of the wood of specimens of Mollinedia glabra (Spreng.) Perkins growing in two contiguous formations of restinga vegetation at Praia Virgem, in the municipality of Rio das Ostras, RJ. Both the Open Palmae (OPS) and the Sandy Strip Closed Shrub (SSCS) formations are found in coastal regions that receive between 1,100 and 1,300 mm of rainfall per year. Sapwood samples were collected in both formations. Typical anatomical features for this species include: solitary vessels, radial multiples or clusters elements, that are circular to angular in outline, 5-15 barred scalariform perforation plates, wood parenchyma scanty, septate fiber-tracheids, and wide multiseriate rays with prismatic crystals. Statistical analyses indicated a significant increase in the frequency of vessel elements and an increase in fiber-tracheid diameters in OPS individuals. These characteristics are considered structural adaptations to increased water needs caused by a greater exposure to sunlight. Continuous pruning may be responsible for the tyloses observed in OPS plants. The greater lengths and higher frequencies of the rays in SSCS trees may be due to the greater diameters of their branches. Our results suggest that M. glabra develops structural adaptations to the restinga micro-environmental variations during its development.
The Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro) Botanical Garden (JB/UFRRJ) has a green area occupied mostly by sparsely planted arboreal species, in addition to a small area of regenerating forest and plantations. In consideration of the Brazilian federal rules for botanical gardens, the collection of the Arboretum was studied systematically: collection of complete samples, herborization and identification of the species by accepted botanical methods. The occurrence of native species from different Brazilian phytogeographic domains and common names were verified. A total of 125 species of arboreal Eudicotyledons, belonging to 30 families were registered, of which Fabaceae, Bignoniaceae, Malvaceae, Myrtaceae and Anacardiaceae were the richest ones. Species in danger of extinction and others with biological, ecological or economic value are represented, demonstrating the importance of the area to flora conservation.
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