ABSTRAKStudi literatur review ini dilatarbelakangi adanya fenomena empirik yang menggambarkan kejadian tindakan kekerasan pada anak yang semakin serius dari waktu ke waktu. Implikasi tindakan kekerasan berdampak pada perlukaan fisik, gangguan mental, sosial, spiritual bahkan sering menimbulkan kematian. Literatur ini ditunjukan untuk menganalisis secara teoritik pengaruh Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) terhadap Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) akibat kekerasan pada anak. Metode kajian literatur dilakukan terhadap tujuh artikel yang diperoleh dari sejumlah tiga database, EBSCO, PubMed, dan Springer Link. Kata kunci untuk pencarian artikel adalah “posttraumatic stress disorder”, “child abuse”, “cognitive behavior therapy”, dan “treatment” dengan “AND” sebagai Boolean operator. Hasil dari kajian literatur yaitu bahwa CBT memiliki pengaruh terhadap PTSD akibat kekerasan pada anak. Hasil artikel review berupa: 1) Perbaikan klinis; 2) Menurunkan masalah PTSD; 3) Menurunkan kecemasan; 4) Menurunkan komorbiditas; dan 5) Kurangnya perbaikan pada kelompok tunggu. Hasil kajian literatur tersebut membuktikan adanya penurunan nilai rata-rata PTSD dari waktu ke waktu pada anak. Kesimpulan dari kajian literatur adalah CBT berpengaruh terhadap PTSD akibat kekerasan pada anak. Rekomendasi kajian literatur ini dapat menjadikan CBT sebagai terapi alternatif yang digunakan pada anak dengan masalah PTSD.ABSTRACTThe background of this literature review study is the emergence of empirical phenomena in the form of incidents of violence to children, child abuse who become more serious from time to time. The violence to children, child abuse implications have an impact on physical injury, mental disorder, social, spiritual and often even lead to death. Literature review study purposed to look at the effects of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) for the handling of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) as a result of child abuse. A keywords literature review focused on seven articles was obtained from three databases, EBSCO, PubMed, and Springer Link. Keywords to search the article is "posttraumatic stress disorder", "child abuse", "cognitive behavior therapy" and "treatment" with "AND" as Boolean operators. The results of the literature review are the CBT has an influence on PTSD as a result of child abuse. CBT influence on PTSD found that 1) The clinical improvement; 2) Reduce problems of PTSD; 3) Reduce anxiety; 4) Lower comorbidity, and 5) lack of improvement in the waiting group. The results of the literature review prove decrease in the average value PTSD over time in children. Conclusions from the study of literature, CBT affect the handling of PTSD as a result of child abuse with the results that have been obtained from the literature review. The results of the literature review can make CBT as an alternative therapy for children with PTSD issues.
Indonesian Child Protection Commission recorded that the number of teenagers involved in drug abuse shot up to almost 400% from 2011 – 2014. These teenagers have great need for spiritual coping mechanism to face challenges in life. As they are serving their terms in detention, lose the opportunity to get education from their parents to develop their spiritual coping ability. This research is aimed to get the descriptions of spiritual coping mechanism of teens involved in drug abuse in Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak or LPKA (Special Institution/Center for Child Rehabilitation). The research was conducted using convenience sampling and descriptive qualitative methods. The teenagers involved in drug abuse in LPKA I Tangerang and Blitar with the following inclusion criteria: using drug, serving a minimal of 1 year in the detention center, aged between 13 to 17 years old, Christian, and living with their family before admitted to the center, was an active student of a school when captured by the police, able to communicate in Bahasa Indonesia, and willing to take part in the research. Data collection was done using in-depth interview. The data from the interviews were analyzed and categorized based on main reason the using drugs, teenager outlook to coping sprituality and relationship trust embraced, sources of spiritual coping support and how to use. Teenagers use drugs when problem ecounter as escape reason to clear the problem, while the observation sprituality coping believe that God can help solve the problem. However, it is not appropriate to choose spirituality coping and not to use it effectively as a source of support. Furthermore, they are committed to making spiritual changes after serving their sentence. Spiritual coping in supporting the recovery of drug users is very important. The quantitative and qualitative research covers teenager of various religions in terms of spiritual care and more counseling during adolescence in LPKA. Keywords: Teenager, Drugs, Spiritual Coping ABSTRAK Komisi perlindungan anak Indonesia mencatat jumlah remaja pengguna NAPZA meningkat hampir 400% selama 2011-2014. Hal ini berakibat semakin banyak anak menjalani sanksi hukuman di Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak (LPKA). Mereka kehilangan bimbingan orangtua untuk mengembangkan kemampuan koping spiritualnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan gambaran koping spiritual remaja pengguna NAPZA di LPKA. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Sampel dipilih dengan convenience sampling, mencakup remaja pengguna NAPZA di LPKA Kelas 1 Tangerang dan Blitar. Kriteria inklusinya: pengguna NAPZA yang menjalani masa tahanan minimal 1 tahun, berumur 13-17 tahun, beragama Kristiani, sebelum menjalani masa tahanan tinggal bersama keluarga, berstatus sebagai siswa pada suatu sekolah saat ditangkap, mampu berbahasa Indonesia, dan bersedia ikut serta dalam penelitian. Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara in depth interview. Data hasil wawancara dianalisa dan dikelompokkan berdasarkan alasan utama menggunakan NAPZA, pandangan remaja terhadap koping spiritualitas dan hubungan kepercayaan dianut, sumber koping sebagai dukungan rohani dan cara menggunakan. Para remaja menggunakan NAPZA saat menghadapi masalah sebagai alasan pelarian menyelesaikan masalah, sedangkan tinjauan pandangan koping spiritual yakin Tuhan dapat menolong menyelasiakan masalah. Namun, tidak tepat memilih koping spiritualitas dan tidak mendayagunakannya secara efektif sumber dukungan. Selanjutnya mereka berkomitmen untuk melakukan perubahan rohani setelah selesai menjalani masa hukumannya. Koping spritual dalam mendukung pemulihan remaja pengguna NAPZA sangat penting. Perlu adanya penelitian kuantitatif dan kualitatif mencakup remaja beragam agama ditinjau dari siraman rohani dan konseling lebih banyak selama remaja di LPKA. Kata kunci: Remaja, NAPZA, Coping Spritual
Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak klas I (LPKA) merupakan lembaga yang memiliki program pembinaan, pengasuhan dan pendampingan pada anak-anak yang mendapat sanksi hukuman, namun pada program tersebut tidak terdapat komponen yang berkaitan dengan pemenuhan kesehatan. Sekitar 50% dari 283 anak di LPKA Provinsi X mengalami scabies, beberapa kasus diare dan typhus abdominalis yang menggambarkan pemenuhan kebersihan yang kurang terpenuhi. Padahal dalam Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Panjang-Nasional tahun 2005 - 2025 dicantumkan bahwa: Pembangunan bidang kesehatan diarahkan pada kesadaran, kemauan dan kemampuan hidup sehat bagi setiap orang agar peningkatan derajat kesehatan masyarakat yang setinggi - tingginya dapat terwujud (Undang - undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2007). Upaya untuk mewujudkan hal tersebut maka dilakukan edukasi tentang Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat dengan jumlah peserta 62 peserta. Materi diberikan melalui ceramah dan demonstrasi tentang cara melakukan cuci tangan secara benar. Hasil yang didapatkan sekitar 95% peserta menunjukkan kemampuannya melakukan demonstrasi cara melakukan cuci tangan dengan benar.
T he problem's theme that has been previously stated indicates that there are certain factors that contribute to the development of quality performance of nursing education, especially in Banten Province. T he factors mentioned are the competency of individuals and creativity management. T he objective of this the study of the relationship and influence of individual competence and creativity management factors as independent variables, against a profile of leadership against the Nursing Education Performance in Banten Province. T his study used a survey method with quantitative approaches, was conducted to two Nursing Education Institutions in Banten (86 populataions, total sampling). T he data results were analyzed statistically with SPSS software. T he result of study: the results of this study indicate that individual competence and creativity management factors have a direct effect positive and significant on Performance Job at Nursing Study Program in Banten Province. Profile of individual competence and creativity management have a direct effect that was positive and significant on the sustainability of Performance Job in nursing education. As recommendation is the research and service activities are an integral part of the T ri Dharma of the University where coaching and empowerment are still required and need to be taken seriously by the leaders of nursing education institutions.
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