Transfusion of anti-HIV-1-positive blood infected 90% of recipients. The rate of progression to AIDS within the first 38 months after infection was similar to that reported for homosexual men and hemophiliacs. Although most lymphocyte subset counts changed over time, CD8+ counts were constant.
This article examines Dickinson’s influence upon the development of Northern Irish poetry, with particular emphasis on the work of John Hewitt and Tom Paulin. Such engagement with Dickinson is connected to longstanding cultural debates surrounding standard English and its variants: in the case of Hewitt and Paulin, Irish English, in the case of Dickinson, American English. This context of intertwining national narratives concerning poetic idiom, dialect, and vernacular dissent provides a means of understanding the continued resonance of Dickinson’s lyric voices within the charged cultural politics of Northern Ireland. Particular attention is given to Paulin’s ongoing reassessment of the place of a dissenting Protestant tradition within a wider narrative of Irish literature and Dickinson’s presence as a resonant and vibrant resource in this project.
This article is part of the emergent field of Dysfluency Studies (Eagle 2013 and 2014), an interdisciplinary approach drawing on literary/cultural analysis, clinical practice, neurological research and disability studies to challenge concepts of ‘normative’ speech and the pathologizing vocabulary that sustains them. While recognizing the widespread presence and function of the ‘metaphoric stammer’ in cultural practice, it places the corporeal, embodied experience of stammering at the centre of the work. Drawing on this reinvestment in the embodied speaker, the article explores the auditory aspects of dysfluency through a focus on three such ‘speakers’: George VI (as represented in the film The King’s Speech [Hooper, 2010]), composer Alvin Lucier (in his sound art piece I am Sitting in a Room) and vocal artist Victoria Hanna (Voicing Space, Sensing Speech). The King’s Speech provides the foundational basis for my focus on auditory ‘feedback’ (in its therapeutic and neurological forms), a focus that is then ‘amplified’ through the creative practice of Lucier and Hanna. Implicit in Tom Hooper’s film is the power of dysfluency to disrupt dominant narratives of normal speech, a generative power that finds fullest (yet individuated) expression in the embodied performances of Lucier and Hanna.
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