Infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) among Recipients of Antibody-Positive Blood Donations

Donegan, Elizabeth; Stuart, Maria; Niland, Joyce C.; Sacks, Henry S.; Azen, Stanley P.; Dietrich, Shelby L.; Faucett, Cheryl; Fletcher, Mary A; Kleinman, Steven; Operskalski, Eva A.; Perkins, Herbert A.; Pindyck, Johanna; Schiff, Eugene R.; Stites, Daniel P.; Tomasulo, Peter; Mosley, James W.

doi:10.7326/0003-4819-113-10-733

Cited by 172 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In the cohort examined here, all four children who shared the same unit of HIV-I-contaminated blood and for whom tissues were available were found to be HIV-1 infected. The high rate of acquisition of HIV-1 by transfusion has been noted in previous studies (32,33).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…3). Seven clones were sequenced from PCR products of uncultured leukocytes of patient I obtained in September 1991 (IU 22,23,27,28,30,31,32,33), and the positions of amino acid alterations are indicated. Also included for comparison in Figure 3 are the sequences of representative isolates from North American or European patients, WMJ2 and HXB2, and a representative isolate from an African patient, ELI (3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evolution of Sequence Divergence among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolates Derived from a Blood Donor and a Recipient

et al. 1993

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Sequence Divergence among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolates Derived from a Blood Donor and a Recipient

et al. 1993

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“…The plausible range for the probability of receiving HIV contaminated blood was set as 0.5-20%. The probability that seroconversion occurs after receipt of HIV-contaminated blood has been found to be 90% in the United States 30 and 96% in Zaire. 31 The probability of developing AIDS after seroconversion is approximately 80%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood transfusions for severe malaria-related anemia in Africa: a decision analysis.

Obonyo

Oloo²,

Habbema³

1998

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Severe childhood malarial anemia is commonly treated using blood transfusion. Although transfusion may decrease short-term mortality, the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission is considerable in Africa. We constructed a decision tree to weigh the short-term mortality benefit of transfusion against HIV infection risk. Probability estimates were derived from published studies. The base-case was a two-year-old child with a 13.5% mortality risk to be transfused with screened or unscreened blood (1% or 13% HIV contamination risk, respectively), with reduction of mortality to 5.5% by transfusion (odds ratio ϭ 2.7), and a 2.4% risk of fatal transfusion complications. A sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the influence of variation in these estimates. If a child developed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, survival was weighed as one-tenth of normal survival. For the base-case, we found that transfusion with screened blood provided a survival benefit of 5%. In contrast, transfusion with unscreened blood decreased survival by 2%. Patients with a mortality risk Ͻ 5% derived no benefit from a transfusion with screened blood. Other important factors for the benefit of transfusion were the effectiveness of transfusion in reducing mortality and the risk of blood contamination. A blood transfusion was clearly beneficial if the mortality risk was high and the risk of contamination was low. Our findings can be used as a basis for a clinical transfusion policy that limits transfusions to situations in which they are likely to be beneficial. This will in turn optimize child survival and prevent unnecessary exposure of low risk children to the transfusion risks.With the risk of transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1), the use of blood transfusion in the management of severe pediatric anemia has become an important clinical decision problem in Africa.

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“…Although the estimated per-act transmission risk from unprotected exposure to a partner known to be HIV infected is relatively low for different types of exposure (Table 1), different nonoccupational exposures are associated with different levels of risk (71)(72)(73)(74)(75)(76)(77)(78)(79). The highest levels of estimated per-act risk for HIV transmission are associated with blood transfusion, needle sharing by injection-drug users, receptive anal intercourse, and percutaneous needlestick injuries.…”

Section: Transmission Risk From the Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

A bite in the playroom: Managing human bites in child care settings

Dl¹

2008

Paediatrics &Amp; Child Health

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Infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) among Recipients of Antibody-Positive Blood Donations

Cited by 172 publications

References 25 publications

Evolution of Sequence Divergence among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolates Derived from a Blood Donor and a Recipient

Evolution of Sequence Divergence among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolates Derived from a Blood Donor and a Recipient

Blood transfusions for severe malaria-related anemia in Africa: a decision analysis.

A bite in the playroom: Managing human bites in child care settings

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