The analysis quantifies the enormity of the clinical and economic burdens of NAFLD, which will likely increase as the incidence of NAFLD continues to rise. (Hepatology 2016;64:1577-1586).

Since the initial description of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), several sets of pathologic criteria for its diagnosis have been proposed. However, their interprotocol agreement and ability to predict long-term liver-related mortality (LRM) have not been demonstrated. In this study, we examined patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) for whom liver biopsy slides and clinical and mortality data were available. Liver biopsy samples were evaluated for a number of pathologic features and were classified according to the presence or absence of NASH by (1) the original criteria for NAFLD subtypes, (2) the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score (NAS), (3) the Brunt criteria, and (4) the current study's criteria. All NASH diagnostic criteria and individual pathologic features were tested for agreement and for their independent associations with LRM, which were determined with a Cox proportional hazards model. Two hundred fifty-seven NAFLD patients with complete data were included. The diagnoses of NASH by the original NAFLD subtypes and by the current study's definition of NASH were in almost perfect agreement (j 5 0.896). However, their agreement was moderate with NAS (j 5 0.470 and j 5 0.511, respectively) and only fair to moderate with the Brunt criteria (j 5 0.365 and j 5 0.441, respectively). Furthermore, the agreement of the Brunt criteria with NAS was relatively poor (j 5 0.178). During the follow-up (median 5 146 months), 31% of the patients died (9% were LRM). After we controlled for confounders, a diagnosis of NASH by the original criteria for NAFLD subtypes [adjusted hazard ratio 5 9.94 (95% confidence interval 5 1.28-77.08)] demonstrated the best independent association with LRM. Among the individual pathologic features, advanced fibrosis showed the best independent association with LRM [adjusted hazard ratio 5 5.68 (95% confidence interval 5 1.50-21.45)]. Conclusion: The original criteria for NAFLD subtypes and the current study's criteria for NASH were in almost perfect agreement, but their level of agreement with the NAS and Brunt criteria was lower. A diagnosis of NASH by the original criteria for NAFLD subtypes demonstrated the best predictability for LRM in NAFLD patients.

In this paper, we study the performance of various state-of-the-art classification algorithms applied to eight real-life credit scoring data sets. Some of the data sets originate from major Benelux and UK financial institutions. Different types of classifiers are evaluated and compared. Besides the well-known classification algorithms (eg logistic regression, discriminant analysis, k-nearest neighbour, neural networks and decision trees), this study also investigates the suitability and performance of some recently proposed, advanced kernel-based classification algorithms such as support vector machines and least-squares support vector machines (LS-SVMs). The performance is assessed using the classification accuracy and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Statistically significant performance differences are identified using the appropriate test statistics. It is found that both the LS-SVM and neural network classifiers yield a very good performance, but also simple classifiers such as logistic regression and linear discriminant analysis perform very well for credit scoring.

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is the most rapidly growing cause of HCC among US patients listed for liver transplantation.