Background and objective. Koch et al., reported that the Waist/Hip Index more accurately predicts cardiovascular risk factors and mortality. Huaman et al., reported that the Waist/Height Index can be used as a diagnostic test for metabolic syndrome, since it has a high significant value. To determine whether two anthropometric indices have sufficient prognostic efficiency or moderate prognostic efficiency by combining sensitivity and specificity using positive and negative likelihood ratios in a single expression. Material and methods. Quantitative epistemological approach. Descriptive observational epidemiological study without directionality and with prospective temporality. Three husband adult patients of both genders who attended the Integral Hospital "Jose Maria Morelos" were studied. As a reference test or Gold Standard was used the Lorentz Equation as a reference test. Results. The results for the positive likelihood ratios corresponded to 13.41 and 1.72 for the anthropometric indices Waist/Height Index and Waist/Hip Index, respectively. The results for the negative likelihood ratios corresponded, respectively, to 0.07 and 0.48 for the anthropometric indices Waist/Height Index and Waist/Hip Index. Conclusions. The best anthropometric index for the diagnosis of overweight and obesity pathological nutritional situations corresponds to the Waist/Height Index, since the results of the positive and negative likelihood ratios report sufficient prognostic efficiencies. On the other hand, the results of the positive and negative likelihood ratios report, respectively, negligible prognostic efficiency and poor prognostic efficiency for the Waist/Hip Index.
Objective. To determine if raw seafood, marinated without heat, partially cooked with heat, and completely cooked with heat that are sold for human consumption in establishments in the city of Telchac Puerto, Yucatan, Mexico, represent potential risk factors for the development of acute gastroenteritis, wound infection, primary septicemia and secondary septicemia by Vibrio vulnificus species. Material and methods. Study conducted on a representative sample (n= 132) selected from the total of 200 samples from 38 establishments. From July 1 to December 31, 2019, 132 samples of seafood were studied. Using the Cornfield method, the estimation interval was constructed at the 95% confidence level. Results. In 37 (28.03%) samples an equal number of strains were isolated whose biochemical characteristics corresponded to Vibrio vulnificus. The prevalences obtained in raw marine foods, marinated without heat, partially cooked with heat and completely cooked with heat were 35.59%, 45.45%, 22.45% and 0.00%. The Cornfield estimation interval at the 95% confidence level for Vibrio vulnificus was 13.56% ≤ P ≤ 42.50%. Conclusion. Raw seafood, marinated without heat, and partially cooked with heat represent potential risk factors for Vibrio vulnificus for the development of acute gastroenteritis, wound infection, primary septicemia, and secondary septicemia.
Introduction. From an epidemiological approach, obesity can be considered as a risk factor for the development of some diseases, or as a disease in itself. Basically, the risk factors for the development of obesity are genetic, physiological and environmental, including unhealthy lifestyles. Non–healthy lifestyles are those that have the most influence as risk factors for the development or not of obesity. Objective. Determine whether or not each of two anthropometric indices has sufficient prognostic efficiency by combining sensitivity and specificity in a single expression using positive and negative likelihood ratios. Material and methods. Three hundred adult patients who attended the "Jose Maria Morelos" Integral Hospital were studied. As a reference test, the Equation of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company was used. Results. The results for the positive likelihood ratios corresponded to 13.4 and 1.7 for the anthropometric indices Waist/Height Index and Waist/Hip Index, respectively. The results for the negative likelihood ratios corresponded, respectively, to 0.07 and 0.5 for the anthropometric indices Waist/Height Index and Waist/Hip Index. Conclusions. The results of the positive and negative likelihood ratios report sufficient prognostic efficiencies for the Waist/Height Index. On the other hand, the results of the positive and negative likelihood ratios report, respectively, insignificant prognostic efficiency and poor prognostic efficiency for the Waist/Hip Index.
Introduction. The marine environment occupies practically three–quarters of the earth's surface and in coastal areas it is directly or indirectly related to man. Objective. To determine if seafood represents potential risk factors for Vibrio parahaemolyticus species for the development of acute gastroenteritis, wound infection, ear infection and secondary septicemia. Material and methods. A list of establishments specialized in the sale of seafood for human consumption was obtained. The amount of seafood in these establishments was 196. Results. In 13 (3.33%) samples an equal number of strains were isolated whose biochemical characteristics corresponded to the species Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Conclusion. Raw seafood and partially heat–cooked seafood represents potential risk factors for Vibrio parahaemolyticus species for the development of acute gastroenteritis, wound infection, ear infection, and secondary septicemia.
Introduction: Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a human pathogen that is widely distributed in marine environments. This organism is frequently isolated from a variety of raw seafood products, particularly fish and shellfish. Consumption of raw or undercooked fish and shellfish contaminated with Vibrio parahaemolyticus can lead to the development of acute gastroenteritis characterized by diarrhea, headache, vomiting, nausea, and abdominal cramps. It has also been isolated from wound infections and septicemias. Most cases are non–fatal. This bacterium is recognized as the leading cause of human gastroenteritis associated with fish and shellfish consumption in the United States of America and an important fish and shellfish borne pathogen worldwide. Chile faced its first outbreak in 1997–1998. Subsequently, outbreaks and cases have continued to occur, all associated with the consumption of fish and shellfish. Objective: To determine if raw seafood, marinated without heat, partially cooked with heat and completely cooked with heat that are sold for human consumption in establishments in the port of Chicxulub, Yucatan, Mexico, represent potential risk factors for the development of acute gastroenteritis, wound infection, primary septicemia and secondary septicemia by Vibrio parahaemolyticus species. Material and methods: Study conducted on a representative sample selected from the total of two hundred samples from thirty–eight establishments. From July 1 to December 31, 2021, one hundred thirty two samples of seafood were studied. Using the Cornfield Method, the estimation interval was constructed at the 95% confidence level. Results: In thirty–seven (28.03%) samples an equal number of strains were isolated whose biochemical characteristics corresponded to Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The prevalences obtained in raw marine foods, marinated without heat, partially cooked with heat and completely cooked with heat were 35.59%, 45.45%, 22.45% and 0.00%. The Cornfield estimation interval at the 95% confidence level for Vibrio parahaemolyticus was 13.56% ≤ P ≤ 42.50%. Conclusion: Raw seafood, marinated without heat and partially cooked with heat represent potential risk factors for Vibrio parahaemolyticus for the development of acute gastroenteritis, wound infection, primary septicemia, and secondary septicemia.
To compare the external validity (positive predictive value and negative predictive value) of the Body Mass Index versus the external validity of the Waist/Hip Index versus the external validity of the Abdominal Circumference as diagnostic methods indicating overweight and obesity in adult patients aged 18-64 years of age of both genders who attended the Integral Hospital "Jose Maria Morelos" of the Mayan municipality of Jose Maria Morelos, Quintana Roo, Mexico, in the period from August 1, 2017 to July 31, 2018. The study design corresponds to that of a descriptive observational epidemiological study without directionality and with prospective temporality. The study was carried out in a population consisting of 300 adult patients [119 (39.67%) of the male gender and 181 (60.33%) of the female gender]. The Miller et al. Equation, which provides the ideal body weight for both genders, was used as a reference test or Gold Standard. Using this equation, 171 (57.00%) and 129 (43.00%) observation units were labeled with and without overweight and obesity, respectively. In ascending numerical order, the observed positive predictive values were 68.32% (138/202) for Abdominal Circumference; 69.49% (123/177) for the Waist/Hip Ratio; and 70.85% (141/199) for the Body Mass Index. Regarding the negative predictive values observed, in ascending numerical order, they were 60.98% (75/123) for the Waist/Hip Index; 66.33% (65/98) for the Abdominal Circumference; and 70.30% (71/101) for the Body Mass Index. The diagnostic test with the highest positive predictive value and the highest negative predictive value was the Body Mass Index.
The objective of this study was to statistically compare –using the One–Way Analysis of Variance and Dunnett's multiple comparisons test– the efficacy of Cyamopsis tetragonolobus L. and Cinnamomum verum versus the efficacy of the allopathic treatment Sil–Norboral (Glibenclamide 5 mg/Metformin 1000 mg) + Janumet (Sitagliptin 50 mg/Metformin 850 mg) as hypoglycemic agents in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who attend the "Dr. Agustin O'Horán" General Hospital for medical care. The epistemological approach is quantitative, probabilistic or positivistic. The study design corresponds to that of a therapeutic experimental epidemiological study (therapeutic clinical trial) with prospective temporality. Forty–eight patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were studied. The 48 patients were randomly assigned to three groups: two experimental groups and one control group. Each group was made up of 16 patients. The first experimental group was given Cyamopsis tetragonolobus L. (twelve dry leaves of Cyamopsis tetragonolobus L. and 500 ml of hot water); pour the 500 ml of hot water into a container and add the twelve dry leaves of Cyamopsis tetragonolobus L.; take 250 ml in the morning and 250 ml at night); the second experimental group was given Cinnamomum verum (two g of dry leaves of Cinnamomum verum and 500 ml of hot water; pour the 500 ml of hot water into a container and add two g of dry leaves of Cinnamomum verum; take 250 ml in the morning and 250 ml at night); and the control group was given the Sil–Norboral allopathic treatment (Glibenclamide 5 mg/Metformin 1000 mg) + Janumet (Sitagliptin 50 mg/Metformin 850 mg). In ascending numerical order, the arithmetic means of the hematic glucose values corresponded to the following treatments: Cyamopsis tetragonolobus L. (84.06 mg/100mL); Cinnamomum verum (88.63mg/100mL); and Sil–Norboral (Glibenclamide 5 mg/Metformin 1000 mg) + Janumet (Sitagliptin 50 mg/Metformin 850 mg) (122.25 mg/100mL). The One–Way Analysis of Variance reported a value of F= 56.03 with a value of p= 0.0000, which indicates a statistically significant difference between a pair or between more than one pair of arithmetic means. Dunnett's multiple comparisons test showed statistically significant differences between the treatment with the medicinal plant Cyamopsis tetragonolobus L. and the allopathic treatment Sil–Norboral + Janumet: p= 0000. Likewise, Dunnett's multiple comparisons test showed a statistically significant difference between the treatment with the medicinal plant Cinnamomum verum and the allopathic treatment Sil–Norboral + Janumet: p= 0.0000. It is concluded that Cyamopsis tetragonolobus L. is, from a numerical and not a statistical point of view, the best hypoglycemic agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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