Downstream processing using magnetic adsorbent particles, so called magnetic beads, is a promising technology for future bioseparation challenges for high‐value as well as for mid‐priced products. Magnetic adsorbent based separation currently applies the same ligand technologies as chromatographic separation. After binding, magnetic forces are used for the separation of protein loaded beads from crude bio suspensions. The concept has been proven in many proof of principle examples but few pilot scale processes, due to two main hurdles: Improved, cheaper magnetic adsorbents are required, as are improved magnetic separators. This review examines where magnetic bead based separations can fit into a downstream process before studying several state of the art synthesis processes for magnetic beads and their magnetic and sorptive properties. An overview of magnetic separator technology is given with special focus on bioprocessing. Examples of the separation and purification of proteins applying magnetic beads to a biosuspension is shown.
The goal of Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg (TUBAF) in MagPro 2 Life was to develop, based on Solution Process (SolPro), a low-cost scalable synthesis process as well as to optimize the efficiency of particle production regarding safety and ecological aspects. Depending on target protein charges in the extraction pH range, magnetic beads with cationic and anionic functionalities (CEX-and AEX-SolPro beads) were successfully synthesized and characterized. Both types of beads were equipped with the appropriate functionalities allowing their application in bioseparation (superparamagnetic, ion exchange properties). Characterization analyzes of the SolPro beads (CEX und AEX) showed the high potential of the developed processes. CEX-SolPro particles possess a lysozyme extraction capacity of approximately 280 mg/g, which is about three times higher than similar CEX-SolPro beads (same composition) produced by Hickstein and Peuker (2009) (77.6 mg/g). The newly designed and produced AEX-SolPro beads using poly(allyl)amine (PAAm) as anion exchanger exhibit extraction capacities of 85 mg/g for BSA as well as 145 mg/g for BBI. Several investigations proved that a quaternization of amino groups of poly(allyl)amine anchored on the beads surface increase their extraction capacity by a factor of 3. One kilogram of produced PAAm-SolPro was successfully tested by Solae Denmark in a pilot food line application.
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