Objective: To review the scientific literature that has verified and/or assessed compliance and adherence to enteral nutrition (EN) in adult patients. Method: This study involved a critical analysis of articles retrieved from MEDLINE (PubMed), The Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science using the terms “Treatment Adherence and Compliance” and “Enteral Nutrition”, applying the filters “Comparative Study” or “Clinical Trial”, “Humans” and “Adults”. Date of the search: 25 October 2018. Results: A total of 512 references were retrieved, of which 23 documents were selected after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The techniques measuring adherence to EN were determined by dietary intake, self-reporting, counts of leftover containers or presence of complications; however, in no case were validated questionnaires used. The time and periodicity of the assessment presented very heterogeneous results, with measurement predominantly being done at the beginning and at the end of the study. The best adherence rates were obtained in hospitalized patients (approximately 80%). Conclusions: Frequent and regular monitoring of the adherence of patients under prolonged treatment with EN is necessary, and the use of measurement techniques that allow obtaining information on the causes of non-adherence facilitates early interventions to optimize treatment outcomes. Patient and/or caregiver education in the management of EN and the intervention of the community pharmacy in monitoring patients can be key to improving the adherence to EN.
BackgroundThe internet is now the primary source of information that young people use to get information on issues related to sex, contraception, and sexually transmitted infections.ObjectiveThe goal of the research was to review the scientific literature related to the use of Web 2.0 tools as opposed to other strategies in the prevention of curable sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).MethodsA scoping review was performed on the documentation indexed in the bibliographic databases MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud, PsycINFO, Educational Resources Information Center, the databases of Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas in Spain, and the Índice Bibliográfico Español de Ciencias de la Salud from the first available date according to the characteristics of each database until April 2017. The equation search was realized by means of the using of descriptors together with the consultation of the fields of title register and summary with free terms. Bibliographies of the selected papers were searched for additional articles.ResultsA total of 627 references were retrieved, of which 6 papers were selected after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The STDs studied were chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis. The Web 2.0 tools used were Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube. The 6 papers used Web 2.0 in the promotion of STD detection.ConclusionsWeb 2.0 tools have demonstrated a positive effect on the promotion of prevention strategies for STDs and can help attract and link youth to campaigns related to sexual health. These tools can be combined with other interventions. In any case, Web 2.0 and especially Facebook have all the potential to become essential instruments for public health.
Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad documental de las páginas Web relacionadas con el Hospital a Domicilio.Método: Estudio transversal de los Websites sobre Hospital a Domicilio, accediendo a la población a estudio a través de la búsqueda en Google, teniendo en cuenta la “falacia muestral” de este buscador. La calidad se estudió utilizando las 8 variables pertenecientes al Indicador de Credibilidad (IC).Resultado: Se evaluaron un total de 215 páginas activas, que pertenecían principalmente a medios de comunicación. No se encontró ninguna Web que cumpliera con los 8 criterios del IC; obteniéndose Media de 2,12 ± 0,07; Mínimo de 0 y Máximo de 5; Mediana igual a 3. De las Webs estudiadas, 74 (34,42%) presentaban simultáneamente autoría y filiación, existiendo asociación con el cumplimiento del IC con las páginas que disponían de estas 2 variables (p < 0,001).Conclusiones: Existió una baja calidad de las páginas Web relacionadas con el Hospital a Domicilio. En este estudio se confirmó que la existencia de autoría y filiación fueron un factor pronóstico de la calidad de las Webs analizadas. El Indicador de Credibilidad fue una ayuda a la hora de conocer la calidad de un sitio Web.
La infografía es una técnica que combina imágenes y textos creada con el fin de comunicar información de manera visual para facilitar su transmisión. Es una herramienta efectiva para el aprendizaje en ciencias de la salud, siendo el proceso del diseño de la misma lo que resulta más beneficioso desde el punto de vista docente.La visualización de la información, mediante infografías, es un factor clave en la popularización de los aspectos técnico-biomédicos.En el área de la salud la infografía se ha convertido en un recurso importante para explicar procedimientos de atención, enfermedades, procesos médicos, funcionamiento de órganos y sistemas o situaciones relacionadas con la salud. En consecuencia, muchas instituciones sanitarias utilizan ya esta herramienta para informar a la población en general.No se pudo recuperar modelos de infografía sobre usos o aplicaciones en los servicios de atención de salud a domicilio. Sin embargo, si se encontraron al realizar la búsqueda en Google Images® y en plataformas como Pinterest®, la mayoría sobre beneficios de la atención domiciliaria, cuidados o dirigidas a personas mayores. Por tanto, serían necesarios estudios que evidenciaran la validez de las infografías en el cuidado del enfermo domiciliario.Sería deseable que los profesionales relacionados con los servicios de atención de salud a domicilio se involucraran más en el desarrollo de nuevas herramientas, como las infografías, que facilitaran la comunicación entre ellos y las personas necesitadas de sus cuidados.
Workplace health interventions are essential to improve the health and well-being of workers and promote healthy lifestyle behaviours. We carried out a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of articles measuring the association between workplace dietary interventions and MetS risk. We recovered potentially eligible studies by searching MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science, using the terms “Metabolic syndrome” and “Occupational Health”. A total of 311 references were retrieved and 13 documents were selected after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Dietary interventions were grouped into six main types: basic education/counselling; specific diet/changes in diet and food intake; behavioural change/coaching; physical exercise; stress management; and internet/social networks. Most programmes included several components. The interventions considered together are beneficial, but the clinical results reflect only a minimal impact on MetS risk. According to the metaregression, the interventions with the greatest impact were those that used coaching techniques and those that promoted physical activity, leading to increased HDL (effect size = 1.58, sig = 0.043; and 2.02, 0.015, respectively) and decreased BMI (effect size = −0.79, sig = −0.009; and −0.77, 0.034, respectively). In contrast, interventions offering information on healthy habits and lifestyle had the contrary effect, leading to increased BMI (effect size = 0.78, sig = 0.006), systolic blood pressure (effect size = 4.85, sig = 0.038) and diastolic blood pressure (effect size = 3.34, sig = 0.001). It is necessary to improve the efficiency of dietary interventions aimed at lowering MetS risk in workers.
Objective: To review the scientific literature on the influence of verified nutrition, food and diet interventions on occupational health. Method: This study involved a critical analysis of articles retrieved from MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) and Medicina en Español (MEDES) using the descriptors “Diet, Food, and Nutrition” and “Occupational Health” and applying the filters “Clinical Trial”, “Humans” and “Adult: 19+ years”; the search was conducted on 29 May 2021. Results: A total of 401 references were retrieved from the bibliographic databases, with an additional 16 identified through a secondary search; among the studies retrieved, 34 clinical trials were selected after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The interventions were grouped into seven categories: (1) dietary interventions associated with exercise or educational programs; (2) individual environmental interventions or other educational actions; (3) educational interventions oriented toward lifestyle, dietetics, physical activity and stress management; (4) economic incentives; (5) multicomponent interventions (combination of mindfulness, e-coaching and the addition of fruits and vegetables); or dietary interventions (facilitating greater food supply in cafeterias); or interventions focused on physical exercise. Conclusions: Given that most people spend a large part of their time in the workplace and, therefore, eat at least one of their daily meals there, well-planned interventions—preferably including several strategies—have been demonstrated, in general, as useful for combating overweight and obesity. From the meta-regression study, it was observed that the interventions give better results in people who presented high Body Mass Index (BMI) values (obesity). In contrast, intervention 2 (interventions related to workplace environment) would not give the expected results (it would increase the BMI).
Objetivo: analizar las tendencias temporales de los patrones de búsqueda de información, sobre cuidado domiciliario “Home Care” u hospitalario “Hospital Care” a través de Google, desde el año 2004 a la actualidad.Método: Estudio descriptivo transversal. Los datos se obtuvieron de la consulta directa a la herramienta «Google Trends». Términos de búsqueda “Home Care” y “Hospital Care”. Fecha de consulta 10-05-2018.Resultados: El volumen de búsqueda relativo (VBR = 100) se alcanzó en enero de 2018 para “Home Care” y el menor en 2013 (VBR = 23,08) en el caso de “Hospital Care”. El cociente medio entre ambos términos fue de 2,85, existiendo diferentes significativas entre los valores medios (t de Student = 51,20, gl 344, p < 0,001). La evolución temporal del término “Home care” presentó un creciente ajuste a un modelo lineal (R2 = 0,85 y p < 0,001). En el caso de “Hospital care” la evolución fue ligeramente decreciente (R2 = 0,19 y p < 0,001). Los datos obtenidos y sus gráficos resultantes no mostraron ningún hito que merezca ser destacado.Conclusiones: Se obtuvo un creciente volumen de búsqueda relativo con relación al término “Home Care”, no así con “Hospital Care”, sin la presencia de ningún hito destacable. Se considera que la semántica de búsqueda combinada puede ser en estudios sobre infoepidemiología, si bien serían necesarios más trabajos sobre la utilidad y limitaciones de esta herramienta.
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