We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of IgA nephropathy (IgAN), the most common form of glomerulonephritis, with discovery and follow-up in 20,612 individuals of European and East Asian ancestry. We identified six novel genome-wide significant associations, four in ITGAM-ITGAX, VAV3 and CARD9 and two new independent signals at HLA-DQB1 and DEFA. We replicated the nine previously reported signals, including known SNPs in the HLA-DQB1 and DEFA loci. The cumulative burden of risk alleles is strongly associated with age at disease onset. Most loci are either directly associated with risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or maintenance of the intestinal epithelial barrier and response to mucosal pathogens. The geo-spatial distribution of risk alleles is highly suggestive of multi-locus adaptation and the genetic risk correlates strongly with variation in local pathogens, particularly helminth diversity, suggesting a possible role for host-intestinal pathogen interactions in shaping the genetic landscape of IgAN.

No abstract

1. High number of INS relapses in childhood is a risk factor for recurrences in adulthood. 2. INS relapses in childhood do not preclude active professional life in adulthood.

We conclude that the incidence of hypertension in dialysis children in Poland is high (55%). The effectiveness of antihypertensive treatment is rather low (58%) and the choice of drugs is limited.

The results of the study indicate that the LR to a pediatric nephrologist was associated with poorer clinical and metabolic status of children entering chronic dialysis programmes.

The IgA/C3 ratio in children with IgAN may be a useful marker of the severity of lesions found in kidney biopsy as evaluated using the OC.

The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in the arterial wall in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We studied 60 patients: 32 with stages 2-4 CKD [chronic renal failure (CRF)], 28 with stage 5 CKD [end-stage renal disease (ESRD)], and 43 controls (C). The evaluated parameters included intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid arteries, bone mineral density (BMD), serum lipid levels, and parameters of the calcium-phosphorus metabolism. Patients were divided into two groups: group 1 with normal arteries, and group 2 with arterial changes. The highest serum fetuin A level was found in group 1 compared with groups 2 and C. A negative correlation between IMT and fetuin A level was found. In patients with ESRD, a positive correlation of IMT with phosphorus level and age and a negative correlation with cyclase-activating parathyroid hormone and cyclase inhibiting parathyroid hormone (CAP/CIP) ratio was observed. Multiple linear regression showed that lower fetuin-A and alkaline phosphatase (AP) levels and higher lumbar spine BMD independently predicted higher IMT. Arterial wall changes in children with CKD were related to lower fetuin A and AP level and higher BMD. Low CAP/CIP and high phosphorus level may also be significant factors for arterial changes in patients with ESRD.

Background: Diabetes and Nephrotic syndrome (NS) promote plaque-related gingivitis and yeast-like fungal infections. The study assesses the impact of Candida spp. and general disease-or treatment-related factors on plaque-related gingivitis severity in children and adolescents with Nephrotic syndrome /diabetes. Methods: Body mass index (BMI), BMI standard deviation score, and oral cavity (Plaque Index -PLI, Gingival Index -GI, mucosa status, presence and Candida enzymatic activity) were assessed in 96 patients (32 with NS: 30-immunosuppressive treatment, 35 -type 1 diabetes, and 29 generally healthy), aged; 3-18 years. Laboratory included cholesterol and triglyceride measurements; in diabetic subjects-glycated haemoglobin, in NS: total protein, albumin, creatinine, haemoglobin, haematocrit, white cell count, urinary protein excretion. Medical records supplied information on disease duration and treatment. A statistical analysis was performed; Kendall Tau coefficient, chi-square test, t-test, and multiple regression analysis ( P < 0.05).