The shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora.
O primeiro passo para a identificação de um gênero ou uma espécie é normalmente conhecendo a qual família pertence. As chaves de identificação tradicionais são dicotômicas, raramente ilustradas e baseadas principalmente em caracteres florais, restringindo, assim, a identificação das plantas à fenofase reprodutiva. O objetivo desse trabalho foi a elaboração de uma chave interativa ilustrada para as famílias de angiospermas do Cerrado, visando facilitar esse processo. Foram incluídas as 170 famílias de angiospermas nativas do Bioma e usados 89 caracteres, organizados em sete categorias: Tipo de planta, Folha, Inflorescência, Flor, Fruto, Semente e “Outros caracteres vegetativos”. A chave está ilustrada com mais de 400 imagens, que inclui o glossário de caracteres e as pranchas das famílias e encontra-se disponível gratuitamente na internet. As análises de eficácia da chave mostraram que, em geral, as famílias são facilmente separadas com poucos caracteres, mas necessitando de mais informações ao utilizar apenas caracteres vegetativos.
We discuss some ideas about the concepts of diversity and biodiversity, explaining the title of this text at the end, and how Heringeriana understands its role as a vehicle for the dissemination of new knowledge in these topics. Discutimos algumas ideias sobre os conceitos de diversidade e biodiversidade, explicando ao final o título desse texto e como a Heringeriana entende seu papel de veículo para a disseminação de novos conhecimentos nesses tópicos. Discutimos algunas ideas sobre los conceptos de diversidad y biodiversidad, explicando al final el título de este texto y cómo Heringeriana entiende su papel como vehículo para la difusión de nuevos conocimientos sobre estos temas.
Abstract—We describe and illustrate Stenandrium diamantinense and Stenandrium eustachyum, two new species from campos rupestres in a region of high endemism in southeastern Brazil. Stenandrium diamantinense is differentiated from other congeners by its unique indurate, small leaves with revolute margins. Stenandrium eustachyum is most similar to Stenandrium villosum, the only congener with which it shares the combination of oval bracts and caulescent habit; it can be distinguished from the latter species by its ovate to widely ovate leaves (vs. lanceolate in S. villosum). Stenandrium eustachyum differs from other species of Stenandrium from the Serra do Espinhaço by its oval (vs. linear in all other regional species) bracts. Photographs of living plants in the field are supplemented by scanning electron micrographs of pollen, seeds, and trichomes. A distribution map and a key to the Stenandrium species of the southern Serra do Espinhaço are provided. Stenandrium diamantinense is informally and provisionally assessed as Endangered and S. eustachyum as Critically Endangered. The distribution of Stenandrium in the Serra do Espinhaço supports proposed centers of endemism and key biodiversity areas.
A new species of Neojobertia is described from Brazil, Neojobertia alboaurantiaca. With the inclusion of this new species into the genus, Neojobertia includes three species, all of which are endemic to Brazil. Neojobertia alboaurantiaca grows predominantly in savannas and occurs in four neighbouring Brazilian states, Maranhão, Piauí, Goiás and Tocantins. In this study, we describe the new species, its habitat, distribution and evaluate its conservation status, as well as present a distribution map, illustrate key features and discuss the morphological features that distinguish it from Neojobertia mirabilis. The conservation status of the species has been evaluated as EN (endangered).
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