Variations and anomalies of the pedicles, pars interarticularis, laminae, and spinous processes may be readily identified on MDCT studies. Familiarity with their MDCT appearances is required for characterization and differential diagnosis and may help assess their potential clinical relevance.
Variations and anomalies of the neural arch and its processes may be identified on MDCT studies. Familiarity with their MDCT appearances is required for characterization and may help evaluate their potential clinical relevance.
The objects of this prospective study were to determine the nature of the flow in the right femoral vein and to correlate the flow velocity with the venous pressure measured in the right atrium. We performed 236 pulsed Doppler ultrasonographic examinations in 1 year on patients with a venous catheter with the distal tip in the right atrium. In the Doppler wave readouts we analyzed wave frequency, velocity components, and relationships among them and the existence of pulsatile flow. These parameters were then compared to the right atrium pressure. We investigated the correlation between the atrium pressure and the flow velocity obtained from the Doppler waveforms of the common femoral veins, obtaining a significant correlation (P<0.0001) with the following: the atrium systolic wave a, the atrium diastolic wave v, the pulsatility ratio (PR = Vmin/Vmax) and the pulsatility index (PI = [Vmax ‐ Vmin] /Vavg). The receiver operating characteristic showed that the pulsed Doppler ultrasonography is not a sensitive technique in diagnosis high atrium pressures. In addition, both cardiac and respiratory phasicity of the venous wave was observed. A significant inverse relation was found between the pulsatile flow and high atrium pressure. Nonetheless, the low sensitivity of this technique does not allow the use of pulsatile Doppler ultrasonography in the common femoral vein for diagnosing increases of the atrium pressure.
Purpose To review the anatomical landmarks of the abdominal wall lumbar region and its normal appearance on multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and to briefly describe the MDCT features of lumbar hernias. Methods We performed a retrospective search of the imaging report database from November 2007 to October 2011. We retrieved the clinical data and MDCT studies of patients suffering from abdominal wall lumbar hernias. We reviewed the imaging features of abdominal lumbar hernias and compared those with the normal appearance of the lumbar region in asymptomatic individuals. Results We classified lumbar wall hernias as diffuse, superior (or Grynfelt-Lesshaft) and inferior (or Petit) lumbar hernias. We briefly describe the imaging features of each subtype and review the anatomy and MDCT appearance of normal lumbar region. Conclusions Currently available MDCT provides an excellent opportunity for reviewing the normal anatomy of the wall lumbar region and may be considered a useful modality for evaluating lumbar hernias.
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