Migratory flows between Colombia and Venezuela have been continuous and bidirectional since 1950. Depending on the period under analysis, one can find migratory flows from Colombia to Venezuela, or vice versa. During the second half of the twentieth century, intense violence and lack of economic development caused a constant migratory flow from Colombia to Venezuela. Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, this situation began to be reversed. Initially, an incipient migration to Colombia of Venezuelans with resources and high professional training occurred between 2000 and 2014. Subsequently, a massive migration flow of Venezuelans with fewer resources and limited professional training took place between 2015 and 2019, and especially between 2017 and 2019. This has been described as the largest migration wave in the recent history of Latin America. The COVID-19 pandemic has abruptly halted this migration wave from March 2020 due to several socioeconomic and political factors that are analysed in the chapter.
The article examines whether corporations can be held liable for breaches of Indigenous peoples’ right to a healthy environment in Colombia. After exposing the scope of the right in the international, regional and Colombian legal orders, it tackles Colombia’s obligation to protect it against infringements committed by third parties, and to provide judicial remedies in the event of breaches. Then, it discusses how the absence of a binding international and national legal frameworks imposing obligations on corporations in environmental matters affect available judicial remedies for Indigenous peoples. It argues that the Colombian Constitutional Court and the Special Jurisdiction for Peace have attempted to fill the void left by the legislator. Whilst the first has acknowledged the existence of obligations on corporations in environmental matters, the second has recognized Indigenous territories as subjects of rights in order to further protect Indigenous rights and overall environment. It concludes by a few recommendations.
Esta obra ilustra las diversas aproximaciones que surgen de otras formas de acercarse al conocimiento, a la vez que pone el acento en que, hoy por hoy, existen otros problemas desde la dogm ática y lo social, pues el derecho es dinámico y no estático. Por ello, se han empezado a utilizar cada vez más métodos de las ciencias sociales, incluso de otras disciplinas, que enriquecen los hallazgos científicos y sus resultados e impactan en la sociedad. El libro plantea una aproximación epistemológica a la investigación jurídica desde una perspectiva teórica, e ilustra y se acerca a la realidad por medio de casos, ejemplos y análisis comparativo.
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