Each year, the consumption of vegetable oils increases gradually. Some oils, such as chia, sesame, and quinoa, are consumed due to the nutritional properties and health promoters that have been recognized in their components. Based on this premise, the present study aimed to characterize chia (Salvia hispanica), sesame (Sesamum inducum), and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) oils, in order to enable their applications in the development of new food products. Chia oil presented higher degradation, as it stood out with higher amounts of free fatty acids (4.46%) and peroxide value (18.35 meq/kg). It is an oil that is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (75.47%), and, consequently, with high refractive index (1,475) and iodine value (192.86 g/100 g). Quinoa oil stood out for its higher oxidative stability (17.55 h) and higher amount of phenolic compounds (190.84 mg/100 g). Sesame and quinoa oils showed no significant difference for carotenoids, but sesame oil had higher content of total tocopherols (656.50 mg/kg). Thus, the oils can be used in technological processes and/ or in the formulation of new food products, in order to their increase the nutritional value.
RESUMO: O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial antioxidante do extrato de Curcuma longa L. na estabilidade oxidativa do óleo de soja. Para isso, os tratamentos Controle (óleo de soja), TBHQ100 (óleo de soja com 100 mg de TBHQ/kg), Extrato100 (óleo de soja com 100 mg de β-caroteno de extrato/kg) e TBHQ50+Extrato50 (óleo de soja com 50 mg de TBHQ/kg de óleo de soja + 50 mg de β-caroteno de extrato/kg) foram submetidos ao teste acelerado em estufa (60 ºC/20 dias). O extrato apresentou 51,17% de atividade antioxidante pelo método DPPH• e 98,74 μM Trolox.g-1 pelo FRAP, além de 457,9 μg β-caroteno.g-1. Embora, inicialmente, todos os tratamentos tenham apresentado baixos valores de índice de peróxidos (0,55-0,65 meq.kg-1), em 20 dias, o Controle mostrou maior degradação oxidativa, 46,15 meq.kg-1. O TBHQ100 e TBHQ50+Extrato50 apresentaram os menores valores de p-anisidina. Apesar do TBHQ100 ter apresentado maior estabilidade oxidativa (8,25 h), o TBHQ50+Extrato50 (6,41 h) mostrou maior estabilidade que o Controle (3,86 h). Todos os tratamentos apresentaram elevadas concentrações do isômero γ-tocoferol. O antioxidante sintético provou ser mais eficiente na prevenção da reação de oxidação do que o antioxidante natural, visto que possui elevado grau de pureza. Entretanto, o TBHQ50+Extrato50 apresentou resultados satisfatórios, sendo o segundo melhor tratamento capaz de reduzir as alterações do óleo de soja, possibilitando a aplicação para a redução da concentração do antioxidante sintético. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Atividade antioxidante, Carotenoides, Tocoferóis.
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