This article results from a research1 focused on ideology and alienation as social complexes present in the world of men, and on fundamental determinations that connect these two categories in human thought and praxis. The study aims to reflect on the ontological foundations and roles in society of ideology and alienation, based on the thought of Georg Lukács (2013) in his work Para uma Ontologia do Ser Social [Toward the Ontology of Social Being]. The article is structured in two distinct and connected moments, discussing first ideology and the fundamental base of the concepts. Then, the work debates alienation as an ideological phenomenon, particularly when it comes to reifications and their relevance to the critique of capitalism.
O texto a seguir traz elementos que poderão contribuir para o debate sobre os direitos humanos e o conteúdo ideológico que conforma seus postulados, especialmente com sua proclamação a partir da Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos de 1948. O objetivo é destacar a importância da construção histórica e coletiva dos direitos humanos ante o reconhecimento da dignidade da pessoa humana, bem como ressaltar o quanto seus dispositivos jurídicos e políticos estão embargados pela ideologia burguesa que inviabiliza a sua concretude de forma universal, numa sociedade cujo fundamento é a reprodução da desigualdade substantiva entre homens e mulheres.
O presente artigo expõe os nexos causais entre alienação, pauperismo e “questão social”, com vistas a demonstrar o sistema de causalidades entre esses fenômenos que se assentam sobre as mesmas bases materiais e humanas. Observa que, não obstante as forças produtivas terem atingido um grau de desenvolvimento nunca visto antes, os indivíduos humanos são submetidos à condição de pobreza absoluta e relativa. Compreende que o mesmo conjunto de causalidades que produz a superpopulação relativa produz igualmente o processo de pauperização dos trabalhadores e as bases sobre as quais se erguem diferentes expressões da “questão social”, bem como as mais diversas formas de alienação humana. Conclui que são fenômenos historicamente caros à humanidade e, particularmente, ao Serviço Social como profissão.ALIENATION, PAUPERISM AND “SOCIAL ISSUE”AbstractThe following article exposes the causal links that connects alienation, pauperism and the “social issue”, with the aim to demonstrate the system of causalities between these phenomenons that are founded on the same material and human bases. It is observed that, although the productive forces have reached a degree of development never seen before, human individuals are subjected to the condition of absolute and relative poverty. It is understood that the same set of causalities that produces the relative overpopulation also produces the process of workers’ impoverishment, and represents the foundations on which different expressions of the “social issue” arise, as well as the various forms of human alienation. These phenomena are historically costly to humanity and, particularly, to Social Work as a profession.Keywords: Alienation. Pauperism. “Social Issue”
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