This study is conducted to explore and utilize fresh mangosteen peel as an upcoming raw material for the production of natural dyes. The extract of fresh mangosteen peel is tested on cotton fabric by using alum as a mordanting agent who processed by pre-mordant dyeing procedure and fixation using 3 (three) different types of fixer. To obtain optimum interaction of fabric, mordant, dye and fixer, washing procedure has been performed using Turkish Red Oil (TRO) before the mordanting stage with varying washing time and repeated dyeing procedure with varying frequency of dyeing. As a result, the application of pre-mordanting dyeing method and fixation using iron (II) sulfate (FeSO 4 .7H 2 O), alum (KAI (SO 4) 2 .12H 2 O) and lime (CaO), produced very good color from mangosteen peel dyes extract. Cotton fabric that has been through the pre-mordanting dyeing procedure using dyes extract of mangosteen peel consecutively bring green, light brown, and dark brown color each on the fixation result using iron (II) sulfate, alum, and lime. Preliminary evaluation and instrumentation allow us to determine whether the application of washing time varies, the repeated frequency of immersion and the use of different fixers compound using dyes extract with similar concentration and dyeing procedure affect the color intensity of the fabric sample.
The synthesized of chloramphenicol -MIP (molecularly imprinted polymer) has been developed in many ways and many purposes. The purpose of this research was to compare the methods used for extracting chloramphenicol from its molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) by calculating the percent of extraction in various ratio of template to monomer using chloroform as porogen. The result showed that the batch methods given a higher percent of extraction compared to the traditional methods
Glutaraldehyde crosslinked chitosan -silica nanobeads have been used as a support in the immobilization process of pepsin. The effect of pH, pepsin concentration, and temperature on the characteristics of both free and immobilized pepsin had been investigated in this study. The results showed that the immobilized pepsin has wider pH range, better capacity, performance and stability to high temperatures compared with those of free pepsin. The immobilized pepsin can be used for 8 to 10 times at which the activity remains 20%, whereas the free pepsin can only be used once. These results suggested promising applications of immobilized enzyme as biocatalyst.
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