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There is a large number of chiral selectors (CSs) that have, over the years, been synthesized and used in electrophoretic enantioseparations. This report highlights the most important CSs applied in CE during the period 2012 to mid-2014. It is mainly focused on method developments and validations, along with pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Even though numerous publications have, through the years, reported the utilization of CSs in enantioseparations, only the ones applied in electrophoretic techniques the last approximately three years are demonstrated in this review article. In particular, cyclodextrins, cyclofructants, linear and branched oligo- and polysaccharides, antibiotics, and polymeric surfactants are presented, and their advantages, their chiral recognition mechanisms, and their performance are discussed.

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A set of experiments for CO 2 separation from CO 2 -N 2 mixture by absorption into water by means of a gas-liquid membrane contacting process is modelled using the mass continuity equation by combining process conditions, membrane and fluids properties, and module geometric characteristics. The general case of non-constant concentration of the diffusing component in the shell side (Case B) is used, which entails an integro-differential boundary condition at the lumen-wall. The computational method is compared with existing literature data in terms of the logarithmic averaged overall and lumen Sherwood numbers revalidating the superiority of the counter-current to the co-current mode of operation, while offering a theoretical prediction of the limited behaviour of the latter as a function of the equilibrium coefficient. The elaborate model is then applied in order to assess the extent of membrane wetting due to liquid penetration into the pores in terms of the resistance-in-series model by comparing with the experimental results derived in a commercial cross-flow membrane module under the counter-current mode of operation. It is revealed that the assumption of shell-side constant concentration (Case A) underestimates the wetting leading to a false estimation of the extent of liquid penetration into membrane pores. For Case B, a wetting-pattern appears showing a correlation of an increasing shell-side liquid flow rate with a decreasing wetting parameter and, thus, relatively less contribution of the liquid-filled membrane resistance to the overall membrane resistance with increasing liquid loading.

In this sample of patients with IPF and sarcoidosis, obstructive sleep apnea is common at least in a mild degree of severity. The SF-36 questionnaire may be a useful tool for the evaluation of the quality of life in these patients.

The aim of the present study is the CE performance evaluation for the separation of 2-arylpropionic acid nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In particular, the separation of indoprofen, carprofen, ketoprofen, ibuprofen, and flurbiprofen was obtained by supporting the BGE either with SDS or an amino acid ester-based ionic liquid (AAIL). The performance of these additives was evaluated by comparing migration times, efficiencies and %RSD values. The addition of the AAIL into the BGE provided baseline separation within 10 min, while in the case of SDS, the analytes eluted within 23 min. The optimum conditions involve a BGE of 100 mM Tris/10 mM sodium tetraboratedecahydrate (pH 8) and 40 mM l-alanine tert butyl ester lactate or 10 mM SDS and a temperature of 35°C for AAIL and 20°C for SDS. The run-to-run reproducibility was evaluated by computing the %RSD values of the EOF and the analyte peaks. When the AAIL was used, an excellent reproducibility was obtained, since all %RSD values were below 1.3%. On the contrary, the addition of SDS resulted in much higher RSD values (2.1-11.7%). The efficiency values of all analyte peaks were above 102 000 for l-AlaC4 Lac, in comparison to SDS, which provided efficiency values between 47000 and 76000. Finally, in an attempt to study the synergistic effect of SDS and AAIL, both additives were added into the BGE at concentrations of 10 and 40 mM, respectively. The results were similar to the ones obtained when SDS was used as the sole additive.

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