<p>The fulfillment of adequate housing is the part of the fulfillment of human rights as stated in the constitution. The state can not ignore and have to do it when he has the ability to comply the adequate housing for poor people. Adequate housing is more than material it is correlated with the human existence, hence it is categorized as human rights. As part of human rights, the fulfillment of this adequate housing is need to be respect, comply, and protect either by the state and society. The state need to take part to the fulfillment of adequate housing for those who can not afford it. As the state have the capability to realize the adequate housing for the poor, they can not ignore the human rights unfulfillment. This research focused on law guarantee recognition and the pattern of the adequate housing fulfillment in Indonesia. It is revealed that the pattern is correlated with the state political law which is the policy in the form of laws and local regulation that decided the direction, purpose, and the law substance in housing. Beside its society, the policy also need the private sector involvement, as a result the fulfillment of the adequate housing rights has to be done by the three party.</p>
This article explained the legal risk as a part of good governance due to risk mitigation agency will be reviewed and then described descriptively with the role of State-Owned Enterprises related to climate change issues. State-Owned Enterprises should have a unit to hire risk management included the legal risk. The standard risk significant to guarantee the sustainable role of State-Owned Enterprises as a legal entity that gets the capital from the State and will require climate change issues. By doctrinal legal research, this article described the main problems for the implementation due to the category of risk State-Owned Enterprises. This article concluded: (i) State-Owned Enterprises already has mitigation that can respond to internal risks but are not sufficient to adapt to the issue of climate change; and (ii) the role of State-Owned Enterprises in responding to climate change needs support from the government.
The implementation of vaccination has started in the first stage and will continue until the fourth stage, but in reality there are still many pros and cons that occur in the community. For people who are pro against the implementation of the COVID-19 vaccination, there are some people who accept that this vaccination is carried out as soon as possible in Indonesia because it is considered a solution in order to resolve the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. As for the people who are against it, where some of these people refuse to carry out vaccinations because they think the vaccine is not necessarily safe for their bodies, and are worried about the side effects that arise after the implementation of the COVID-19 vaccination. Then there are also many questions that arise among the public regarding legal protection for them after getting the COVID-19 vaccine. So from research on legal protection if side effects occur after the implementation of COVID-19 vaccination for people in Indonesia, it is quite important, considering that the legal basis that guides the implementation of this vaccination is still new and is still being debated among the public. Where there are many regulations governing the implementation of this COVID-19 vaccination, even in every region in Indonesia, each region has the authority of regional government regulations.
This article aimed to observe the safety protection of public road transportation and some public areas in Yogyakarta and Surakarta. The Road and urban public transport terminals, station, and transshipment centres were mainly established at the meeting points of different traffic lines. If we compare the terror-threat against infrastructure, building, and vehicles, then we can see that much more terrorist attacks were directed against the vehicles, than against bridges or tunnels. Safety protection on public road transportation and its public areas is one of the efforts to enforce right to life and right to sustain life in line with article 28A of Indonesian Constitution of 1945. This issue is important to be observed because two cities are prone to be attacked by terrorist and sometimes passengers or visitors are not responsive to disasters as long as they are on public road transportation and public areas. This article have two important problem to be observed, first problem is how already passengers or visitors of public road transportation and its public areas understand safety procedures of those areas?; second problem is how policy of safety protection need to be enforced on two public road transportation and public areas in order to protect right to life safely of passengers? The normative and empirical legal research is used to this research by using interviews and field observation. The result of this research concisely state that at this time the bus station and rail station is still not implemented maximum safety and security procedures to passengers and passengers or visitors do not understand about safety procedures and are not responsive to dangerous circumtances surrounded them. Maximum safety protection is important to prevent terrorism crime, narcoticss crime, and prevent any casualties due disasters. Security officers should check the condition of bags and luggage of passengers or visitors in order to prevent any threats there. Safety briefing is also implemented to keep a passengers concer.
Current vehicle developments do not only focus on developing efficient vehicles, but also focus on creating environmentally friendly vehicles which are then known as green vehicles. One example of a green vehicle is the electronic scooter or electric scooter which has started to appear in Indonesia. Along with its emergence, the position of electric scooters as vehicles raises questions in the minds of various parties, namely whether electric scooters are included in the category of motorized vehicles or non-motorized vehicles, because this will have implications for determining the rights and obligations of users. This paper will discuss further the position and rights and obligations of scooters by using normative legal methods as well as statutory and conceptual approaches. The results of the analysis show that based on extensive and sociological interpretations the position of the electric scooter is as a nonmotorized vehicle. This is due to the fact that although electric power is used more often, in certain circumstances, such as running out of batteries and road or weather conditions, electric scooters require human power.
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