Highlights
We explore the problem of capacity for social distancing across various retail environments.
We provide guidance to managers as lockdown eases and establishments are allowed to reopen.
The paper identifies the minimum amount of space needed per person in different scenarios.
We estimate the optimal capacity for retailers to provide a safe environment for shoppers.
Abstract. Air pollution is a major environmental concern for many populations
worldwide. Communication efforts so far have been based on a one-way
provision of evidence and information from experts to society, and have
arguably failed in their mission to foster a more aware and engaged society,
or to result in cleaner air. Globally we are facing both an air quality
crisis and a communication emergency. This paper focuses on the communication
of air pollution risk, from the threats it poses (e.g. severe impacts to
human health) to the opportunities it can create (e.g. behavioural or
technological alternatives that lead to cleaner air). It supports the case
for moving away from one-way communication, and identifies five key benefits
of a practical two-way communication between experts and citizens in order to
engender positive change and improve global air quality.
Abstract. This research presents three case studies, through which a creative approach
to developing dialogue around climate change is outlined. By working with
three distinct communities and encouraging them to discuss and write poetry
about how climate change affects them, we demonstrate how such an approach
might be adopted at this level. By analysing the discussions and poetry that
arose out of these workshops we show how this community-level approach to
communicating climate change is an essential counterpart to wider-scale
quantitative research. The engagement of each community with climate change
is dependent on the lived experiences of their members; a failure to
recognize this results in less
effective communications and can also cause communities to feel isolated and
helpless. By considering the individual needs and aspirations of these
communities we can support effective dialogue around the topic of climate
change, and in doing so can better engender positive action against the
negative effects of anthropogenic climate change.
Abstract. Urban centres worldwide are adversely affected by flooding and air pollution.
Better-prepared citizens are crucial to limiting the impacts of these
hazards, and both lay knowledge and personal experiences are important in
complementing and challenging expert opinion. For the first time, this study
offers a critical comparison of how different two-way communication formats
have been used worldwide between experts and the public in relation to
flooding and air pollution risk. Through a systematic review, we analyse
social media, educational programmes, serious games, citizen science, and
forums in terms of their effectiveness in respect of dealing with incidents,
raising awareness, and promoting knowledge exchange in the context of
flooding and air pollution risk. We find that there is neither a
one-size-fits-all nor superior format of communication. No single format is
effective in fulfilling all three communication purposes. All five formats
analysed appear to be successful under different circumstances and are never
suitable for all segments of the population. Communication between experts and
the public is difficult and full of tensions; information alone is not
enough. Our study shows different ways of incorporating strategies to build
trust between experts and the public and make communication more fun and
accessible, breaking down hierarchies and creating safe spaces for
co-creation where everyone feels empowered to participate and everyone benefits.
<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> This research presents three case studies, through which a creative approach to developing dialogue around climate change is outlined. By working with three distinct communities and encouraging them to discuss and write poetry about how climate change affects them, we demonstrate how such an approach might be adopted at this level. By analysing the discussions and poetry that arose out of these workshops we show how this community-level approach to communicating climate change is an essential counterpart to wider-scale quantitative research. The engagement of each community with climate change is dependent on the lived experiences of their members; a failure to recognise this results in less effective communications and can also cause communities to feel isolated and helpless. By considering the individual needs and aspirations of these communities we can support effective dialogue around the topic of climate change, and in doing so can better engender positive action against the negative effects of anthropogenic climate change.</p>
Urban centres worldwide are adversely affected by flooding and air pollution. Better prepared citizens are crucial to limiting the impacts of these hazards, and both lay knowledge and personal experiences are important in complementing and challenging expert opinion. For the first time, this study offers a critical comparison of how different two-way communication 10formats have been used worldwide between experts and the public in relation to flooding and air pollution risk. Through a systematic review, we analyse social media, educational programmes, serious games, citizen science, and forums in terms of their effectiveness in respect of communicating short-term incidents, long-term awareness, and long-term knowledge in the context of flooding and air pollution risk. We find that there is neither a one-size-fits-all, nor superior, format of communication. No single format is effective in fulfilling all three communication pruposes. All five formats analysed appear 15 to be successful under different circumstances and are never representative of all segments of the population. Communication between experts and the public is difficult and full of tensions, information alone is not enough. Our study shows different ways of incorporating strategies to build trust between experts and the public and make communication more fun and accessible, breaking down hierarchies and creating safe spaces for co-creation where everyone feels empowered to participate and benefits. 20
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