The use of fingernails and urine as biomarkers of exposure to fluoride (F) from fluoridated dentifrice and varnish was evaluated in twenty 4- to 7-year-old children, who were divided into two groups: group A (9 caries-free children) and group B (11 children with past caries experience). They used a placebo dentifrice for 28 days, fluoridated dentifrice (1,570 ppm F) for the following 28 days, and placebo dentifrice for an additional 28 days, then returned to their usual dentifrices. Group B children also received 4-week applications of a varnish (2.26% F) while using the fluoridated dentifrice. Urinary collections were performed 24 h before the use of fluoridated dentifrice and 24 h (group A) or 48 h (group B) after. Fingernails were clipped every 2 weeks, for 26 weeks. Total F intake from diet and dentifrice was estimated. Fingernail F concentrations did not vary significantly throughout the study. Twenty-four-hour urinary F outputs (mean ± SD, µg) were: 414 ± 200 and 468 ± 253 for placebo and F dentifrices, respectively (group A) and 402 ±206, 691 ± 345, 492 ± 243 for placebo dentifrice, F dentifrice plus F varnish and F dentifrice, respectively (group B). The use of F dentifrice did not cause a significant increase in the urinary F output. However, when F varnish was used, a transitory increase in the urinary F output was detected (p = 0.001), returning to baseline levels in the last 24 h. Thus, F varnish is a safe method for topical F application even in children that use F dentifrice regularly. According to our protocol, urine was a suitable biomarker of exposure to F from dentifrice plus varnish, but not from dentifrice alone, while nails were not.
An in situ evaluation of the potential rehardening effect of fluoridated and non-fluoridated toothpastes with or without air polishing was conducted. Ten volunteers, using acrylic palatal appliances containing two bovine enamel blocks with artificial carious lesions, took part in this study. Four times a day, after the main meals and at night, the volunteers, in a habitual way, brushed their natural teeth with the dentifrice indicated to the experimental design and after that the appliances were put again into the mouth. They were divided into 4 different groups: G1 - control - non-fluoridated dentifrice; G2 - fluoridated dentifrice; G3 - non-fluoridated dentifrice, but having a previous prophylaxis using air polishing; G4 - fluoridated dentifrice and previous air polishing. The effects of treatments on enamel rehardening were evaluated in the blocks that were assessed by surface microhardness, and the percentage of surface microhardness change (%reh) was calculated in relation to the baseline values. The results showed that %reh was higher in the groups with fluoridated dentifrice, and professional prophylaxis did not have an additional effect in the groups of fluoridated dentifrices (p<0.05). The data suggested that, in the absence of fluoride, removal of dental plaque helped to increase the process of enamel rehardening.
Ao meu marido, João João sempre ao meu lado nesta estrada pela qual a vida nos leva companheiro e amigo, sempre solícito em todos os momentos Aos meus pais, José Carlos e Diná José Carlos e Diná Pelo exemplo de vida, amor Pelo incentivo constante e, Por me darem sempre condições de lutar Dedico com amor este trabalho Dedico com amor este trabalho ! ! "Tudo o que fizermos agora, será aquilo que colheremos depois" Emmanuel Agradeço a Deus Deus, que me concedeu o valioso dom da vida, presença constante em todos os momentos, mostrando-me sempre o melhor caminho a seguir.... Muito Obrigada! "Graças à vida, que me deu tanto me deu o riso e me deu o pranto...."
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