If both rapid and genomic pathways may co-exist in the same cell, the involvement of the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR) in the rapid effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 (1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 ) remains unclear. We therefore studied rapid and long term effects of 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 in cultured skin fibroblasts from three patients with severe vitamin D-resistant rickets and one age-matched control. Patients bear homozygous missense VDR mutations that abolished either VDR binding to DNA (patient 1, mutation K45E) or its stable ligand binding (patients 2 and 3, mutation W286R). In patient 1 cells, 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 (1 pM-10 nM) had no effect on either intracellular calcium or 24-hydroxylase (enzyme activity and mRNA expression). In contrast, cells bearing the W286R mutation had calcium responses to 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 (profile and magnitude) and 24-hydroxylase responses to low (1 pM-100 pM) 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 concentrations (activity, CYP24, and ferredoxin mRNAs) similar to those of controls. The blocker of Ca 2؉ channels, verapamil, impeded both rapid (calcium) and long term (24-hydroxylase activity, CYP24, and ferredoxin mRNAs) responses in patient and control fibroblasts. The MEK 1/2 kinase inhibitor PD98059 also blocked the CYP24 mRNA response. Taken together, these results suggest that 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 rapid effects require the presence of VDR and control, in part, the first step of 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 catabolism via increased mRNA expression of the CYP24 and ferredoxin genes in the 24-hydroxylase complex.The general and severe end organ resistance to vitamin D observed in patients with mutations in the gene encoding the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR) 1 bring forth strong evidence that most cellular actions of 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 , the hormonal form of vitamin D, are mediated through interactions of the hormone with its nuclear receptor (1). The VDR, which belongs to the steroid/thyroid nuclear receptor family, is composed of two principal domains, one domain for hormone binding (exons 6 -9) and one domain for DNA binding (exons 2 and 3, coding for two zinc fingers) (2). Although most classical effects of 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 involve this genomic pathway, several other effects may be observed very rapidly, within seconds to minutes, and are not blocked by inhibitors of transcription or translation, suggesting a more direct action of the hormone at the membrane level (3-7). These effects include activation of the phospholipase C pathway via G␣ q/11 (8, 9), activation of the adenylate cyclase pathway (10), opening of voltage-gated Ca 2ϩ channels (L-type) in the plasma membrane (11, 12), Ca 2ϩ mobilization from the endoplasmic reticulum (5), and an increase in cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels (13). The rapid effects of 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 also include the activation of the mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway (14 -16), which induces a cross-talk with the cell nucleus via phosphorylation of cytoplasmic kinases and nuclear transcription factors (7,16,17).Attempts have been made to identify the receptor mediating the non-classical r...

SARS-CoV-2 variants with concerning characteristics have emerged since the end of 2020. Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 variants was performed on a total of 4,851 samples from the capital city and 10 provinces of Argentina, during 51 epidemiological weeks (EWs) that covered the end of the first wave and the ongoing second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the country (EW 44/2020 to EW 41/2021). The surveillance strategy was mainly based on Sanger sequencing of a Spike coding region that allows the identification of signature mutations associated with variants. In addition, whole-genome sequences were obtained from 637 samples. The main variants found were Gamma and Lambda, and to a lesser extent, Alpha, Zeta, and Epsilon, and more recently, Delta. Whereas, Gamma dominated in different regions of the country, both Gamma and Lambda prevailed in the most populated area, the metropolitan region of Buenos Aires. The lineages that circulated on the first wave were replaced by emergent variants in a term of a few weeks. At the end of the ongoing second wave, Delta began to be detected, replacing Gamma and Lambda. This scenario is consistent with the Latin American variant landscape, so far characterized by a concurrent increase in Delta circulation and a stabilization in the number of cases. The cost-effective surveillance protocol presented here allowed for a rapid response in a resource-limited setting, added information on the expansion of Lambda in South America, and contributed to the implementation of public health measures to control the disease spread in Argentina.

Molecular surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 variants was performed on a total of 2,406 samples from the capital city and nine provinces of Argentina, during 30 epidemiological weeks (EW) that covered the end of the first wave and the beginning of the ongoing second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the country (EW 44/2020 to EW 20/2021). The surveillance strategy was mainly based on Sanger sequencing of a Spike coding region that allows the simultaneous identification of signature mutations associated with worldwide circulating variants. In addition, whole SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences were obtained from 456 samples. The main variants found were Gamma, Lambda and Alpha, and to a lesser extent, Zeta and Epsilon. Whereas Gamma dominated in different regions of the country, both Gamma and Lambda prevailed in the most populated area, the metropolitan region of Buenos Aires (MABA), although showing a heterogeneous distribution along this region. This cost-effective surveillance protocol allowed for a rapid response in a limited access to resources scenario, added information on the expansion of the Lambda variant in South America and contributed to the implementation of public health measures to control the disease spread in Argentina.

Objetivo: el estudió buscó determinar las conductas y experiencias sociales en niños en edad escolar de la Institución Educativa Rural la Peñata, en la ciudad de Sincelejo, Colombia, a partir de las dimensiones de agresividad, victimización, estatus sociométrico y prosocialidad. Metodología: el estudio consideró una metodología basada en un paradigma positivista, de enfoque cuantitativo y de tipo descriptivo con corte transversal, en el cual se aplicó el Cuestionario de Conductas y Experiencias Sociales en Clase (CESC). Se contó con una muestra intencional de 49 estudiantes distribuidos en tres grupos, según su grado escolar, de los cuales veintidós eran niñas y veintisiete eran niños, y cuyas edades oscilaban entre los seis y los trece años. El análisis de los datos se realizó de manera descriptiva, mediante el empleo de la plantilla de corrección del instrumento. Resultados y conclusiones: en el porcentaje obtenido en los tres grupos se observa cierta simetría, lo que evidencia que la conducta con mayor proporción en la población objeto de estudio fue victimización, seguida de agresividad y prosocialidad, a excepción del grupo 3 que obtuvo el mismo porcentaje tanto en agresividad como en prosocialidad. En cuanto al estatus sociométrico, se encuentra un porcentaje significativo de niños percibidos como ignorados en comparación con la proporción de niños controvertidos, rechazados y populares.

RESUMEN El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo establecer las diferencias en el perfil de socialización según sexo, edad y grado escolar en niños escolares del municipio de Sincelejo, Colombia. Se realizó una investigación cuantitativa con diseño de investigación no experimental de corte transversal, y con alcance descriptivo- comparativo. La muestra estuvo constituida por 101 niños con edades entre 6 y 14 años. El instrumento aplicado fue la batería de socialización BAS 1. En los resultados obtenidos se evidenció que existen diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en las dimensiones sensibilidad social, respeto - autocontrol y agresividad - terquedad. En cuanto al grado escolar, existen diferencias entre grupos en las dimensiones liderazgo, sensibilidad social, jovialidad, agresividad-terquedad y apatía-retraimiento. A partir del estudio se reitera la necesidad de abordar el proceso de socialización de los niños bajo un enfoque diferencial, promoviendo estrategias pedagógico-didácticas que posibiliten su tratamiento.

Background: The world health organization has indicated that the problem of COVID-19 and confinement generated strong psychological impacts on the world population. Much of the research has focused on studying mental health in different population groups, leaving aside a positive mental health perspective. Objective: The intention of the present research was to establish positive mental health profiles in confined women due to COVID-19 during 2020. Method: The factors of personal satisfaction, prosocial attitude, self-control, autonomy, problema-solving, self-actualization, and interpersonal relationships were assessed through the application of Lluch's positive mental health scale, in a sample of 202 confined women in the Department of Sucre, Colombia, selected by non-probabilistic convenience sampling. In addition, cluster analysis models were applied to identify psychological profiles of positive mental health and characterize sociodemographic variables, the selected model was evaluated and validated using the statistical technique of discriminant analysis using Minitab 18 software Results and Discussion: showed a positive mental health differentiation in women from which four psychological profiles of positive mental health could be identified, with scores of 14.10 in profile 1, 11.41 in profile 2, 9.15 in profile 3, and 7.56 in profile 4. The positive mental health factors used showed an ability to discriminate in 92.6% of the cases in the profiles. Conclusion: the identified profiles are significant and important to characterize psychometric profiles of positive mental health of confined women, which are important results for their diagnosis and the development of public policies for their treatment.

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Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo principal comparar el nivel de bienestar psicológico en adultos mayores jubilados y no jubilados, teniendo en cuenta las subescalas que integran el bienestar psicológico: bienestar subjetivo, material, laboral y de relaciones con la pareja. Se utilizó un diseño metodológico cuantitativo, de alcance comparativo. Se escogió una muestra intencional de 30 adultos mayores para la aplicación de la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico EBP, que evalúa el nivel de bienestar y/o satisfacción del sujeto en distintas áreas de la vida. Los resultados fueron analizados mediante estadísticos descriptivos del programa SPSS versión 21. Se concluye principalmente que no existen diferencias significativas a nivel estadístico en el grupo poblacional estudiado.