This work aims to evaluate the degree of sediment contamination and the response of Testate amoebae populations through a sediment core taken from the Salto Grande Reservoir (RSG), situated in Americana, in São Paulo State (SP), Brazil. It is based on the analysis of the trace elements geochemistry (by ICP-OES) and Testate amoebae data (by stereomicroscopic morphometric analysis). The indices of homogeneity and richness (Simpson 1-D and Margalef) were calculated. Sediment contamination was evaluated according to VGQS (TEL and PEL). The results evidenced that the sediments of Facies 3 are highly contaminated since the beginning of RSG filling. Contamination caused significant decline of Testate amoebae populations dimension and diversity. In sedimentary facies with lower concentrations of trace elements diversity and size of Testate amoebae populations are higher and are composed of different species. The results of this work indicate that Testate amoebae populations showed differentiated responses to different environmental conditions. So, these amoeboid protists can be considered good indicators of pollution caused by trace elements in fresh water aquatic environments.

The Ammonia-Elphidium Index (IAE) allows to assess the oxygenation levels of coastal regions. Both genera used in this index are resistant to oxygen reduction conditions. The genus Ammonia has a greater resistance than the genus Elphidium to low oxic conditions, and both are abundant in the coastal zones, which makes possible the use of this index to access the impact caused by organic matter pollution in these regions. Hence, this index has been used in the literature to study polluted regions by large contribution of organic carbon. The Petrobras Polo Atalaia Production complex is responsible for the outfall of treated petrochemical effluents, called PAP-1, which introduce pollutants in the coastal area of Sergipe State, northeast Brazil. In view of the environmental complexity of the region, the objectives of this work were: 1) to analyze the dimension and diversity of living foraminifera assemblages in surface sediment samples collected in February 2014 around the Sergipe-Mar Subsea Outfall of Active Production (SMP); and 2) to apply the Ammonia-Elphidium index in this region as a proxy of environmental impact. The results allowed to evaluate the impact caused by the contribution of the effluents released by the SMP outfall of the Petrobras Polo Atalaia Production complex and their influence on the density and diversity of living benthic foraminifera in the study area. ResumoO índice de Ammonia-Elphidium (IAE) permite avaliar os níveis de oxigenação das regiões costeiras. Ambos os gêneros são resistentes às condições de redução de oxigênio. O gênero Ammonia apresenta uma resistência maior que o gênero Elphidium à escasses de oxigénio, sendo ambos abundantes em zonas costeiras, o que possibilita a utilização deste indice na avaliação do impacto causado pela poluição por matéria orgânica nessas regiões. O complexo denominado Polo Atalaia, da Petrobras, é responsável pelo emissário de efluentes petroquímicos tratados, denominado PAP-1, o qual é responsável pela introdução de poluentes na zona costeira do Estado do Sergipe, no nordeste brasileiro. Diante da complexidade ambiental da região, os objetivos deste trabalho foram: 1) analisar os foraminíferos da região situada ao redor do emissário submarino do ativo de Produção Sergipe-Mar (PSM), coletados em fevereiro de 2014; e 2) calcular o índice Ammonia-Elphidium. Os resultados permitiram avaliar o impacto causado pelo aporte de efluentes e sua influência na densidade e diversidade de foraminíferos bentônicos na área estudada.

Phosphorus is an essential element for life and, when scarce, this macronutrient is a limiting factor for primary production. Phosphorus (P) is a widely used element in the composition of fertilizers, besides being present in large quantities in domestic effluents. Its accumulation in the springs is related to the proliferation of algae and cyanobacteria. In excess, P is a pollutant that contributes greatly to the eutrophication, development of reduced conditions and deterioration of water bodies. In order to understand how the anthropogenic action affected the accumulation of P in the freshwater reservoir of Salto Grande, Americana City (São Paulo State, Brazil), the evaluation of a temporal sedimentary record was carried out. For this purpose, a sediment core collected in the reservoir of Salto Grande was studied. The sediment core recorded the reservoir history since its filling in 1950. The comparison of P concentrations along the core with the population growth curve indicates that the population growth in the surrounding region has had a direct impact on the accumulation of P in the freshwater reservoir of Salto Grande. The eutrophication history of this major continental ecosystem of São Paulo State, was reflected by this sewage-derived from loading of P. ResumoO fósforo é um elemento essencial para a vida e, quando escasso, esse macronutriente é um fator limitante para a produção primária. O fósforo (P) é um elemento amplamente utilizado na composição de fertilizantes, além de estar presente em grande quantidade nos efluentes domésticos. A sua acumulação nas nascentes está relacionada à proliferação de algas e cianobactérias. Em excesso, o P é um poluente que contribui grandemente para a eutrofização, desenvolvimento de condições redutoras e deterioração dos corpos d'água. Para entender como a ação antropogênica afetou o acúmulo de P no reservatório de água doce de Salto Grande, na cidade de Americana, Estado de São Paulo (SE Brasil) foi realizada a avaliação de um registro temporal sedimentar. Para tanto, foi estudado um testemunho de sedimentos de 2,37m coletado no reservatório de Salto Grande. O testemunho registrou a história do reservatório desde seu preenchimento, em 1950. A comparação das concentrações de P ao longo do testemunho com a curva de crescimento populacional e de pluviosidade indica que estas variáveis tiveram um impacto direto no acúmulo de P no reservatório de água doce de Salto Grande.

The Lonchaeidae family comprises species that are considered of major economic importance due of their damage in several crops. In sweet passion fruit (Passiflora ligularis Juss), these flies cause high infestation in flower buds and fruits, however only a few basic studies about the species associated with the damage are available. Samples of flower buds and fruits were taken and McPhail trap baits with Torula yeast were placed in sweet passion fruit orchards in Oxapampa (Pasco, Peru) in 2015–2016. In addition, other hosts were collected in this period. We found Dasiops inedulis Steykal infesting the flower buds, while Dasiops frieseni Norrbom & McAlpine infesting sweet passion fruits. Moreover, other Lonchaeidae-hosts interactions are related. Through Torula yeast baits, 14 species of lance flies were detected and high numbers of D. inedulis specimens were captured.