Importancia de la determinación de la humedad en estudios de infiltración y escorrentía superficial para períodos largos (http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.188) ABSTRACTThe determination of the natural soil moisture is essential to solve problems related to irrigation water requirements, environmental considerations, and determination of surplus water. For the determination of runoff one can adopt models that consider exclusively the infiltration as a loss or one could use computational models of infiltration to model the infiltrated water. Models based on the infiltration calculation consider well the interaction REYNA, T.; REYNA, S.; LÁBAQUE, M.; FULGINITI, F.; RIHA, C.; LINARES, J. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional Córdoba. Importancia de la determinación de la humedad en estudios de infiltración y escorrentía superficial para períodos largos. Ambi-Agua, Taubaté, v. 6, n. 2, p. 91-110, 2011. (doi:10.4136/ambi-agua.188) 92 between infiltration -runoff processes and provide additional information on the phenomenon of infiltration which establishes the existing conditions of moisture in the soil before the occurrence of a new event (simulation for long periods). These models require solving Richards's equation and for this purpose it is necessary to determine the relation between the soil moisture -suction and hydraulic conductivity -suction which require the determination of the hydraulic properties that can be obtained by measuring the water content by moisture profiles. The aim of this study was the verification of these moisture curves in loessic soils in the south of the city of Cordoba, Argentina. To do this, measurements were done and compared with results of infiltration models based on the determined hydraulic functions. The measurements were done using three probes installed at different depths. The results showed that the values obtained with NETRAIN adequately represent the behavior of wetting and drying conditions of the studied soil.The determination of these curves provided a basis for future studies that include the advancement of agricultural chemicals in the soil and its potential capacity to pollute groundwater, fundamental issue to define environmental management policies.
Aplicación de modelos unidimensionales de flujo en suelos no saturados …
Predicting the behavior of pesticides in the environment is necessary to minimize the adverse effects of their application. This means that we have to understand what is happening and how it is applied in the field and predict its fate in the environment to estimate the adverse effects on the subsoil and surface water or on human health. Knowing the level of contamination in soils involves characterizing the movement of water in the transport zone and solutes. The objective of this chapter is to disseminate and highlight the problem of the transport of pollutants in soils and to guide with regard to the available methods to obtain the necessary parameters to achieve their modeling and numerical analysis. To this end, the transport equation applied to the transport of agrochemicals is described and analyzed, and the methods of obtaining the parameters required by the mathematical solution are described. The general characteristics of the different herbicides and the environmental impact that the production of these compounds is producing are also described.
Hydroelectric power generation offers significant advantages in terms of total costs and stands today as an environmentally sustainable alternative. The current development of several hydroelectric projects in Argentina shows that there is a high potential for the development of renewable energy sources, with major environmental advantages over other ways of generating energy. The renewable nature of these sources contrasts with the finite nature of domestic fossil resources. In this context, hydropower is a mature, accessible and efficient option to meet the growing demand for energy services in the country. Optimization applied to hydroelectric designs allows for adequate solutions for each power system. This article presents hydropower optimization for the Multipurpose River System of Las Cañas, Gastona and Medina.
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