Because of the placental transfer of phenoxybenzamine, mild perinatal depression and transient hypotension may occur in newborns of mothers receiving this medication. These newborns must be closely monitored during the first few days of life for respiratory depression and hypotension.
The efficiency of a continuous infusion of insulin in improving glucose tolerance was compared in two groups of very low-birth weight infants (mean +/- SEM birth weights 757 +/- 40 vs 828 +/- 80 g and gestational ages 27.6 +/- 0.7 vs. 27.2 +/- 0.5 weeks) receiving total parenteral nutrition with and without the addition of lipid emulsion to the nutrition regimen. The mean +/- SEM cumulative doses of insulin (0.87 +/- 0.1 vs 1.15 +/- 0.3 U/kg) and hours required to decrease the blood glucose level to 120 mg/dL (9.1 +/- 0.8 vs 9.5 +/- 1.0 hours) were similar. Insulin was delivered with a syringe pump used for other routine purposes in the neonatal intensive care unit. Continuous intravenous insulin infusion is an effective, inexpensive, safe method for maintaining glucose homeostasis in low-birth weight infants who develop hyperglycemia as a consequence of total parenteral nutrition.
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