A taxonomic revision of the family Chenopodiaceae in Nepal with new diagnostic keys, descriptions and detailed distribution patterns is here presented for the first time. 24 species from 13 genera are reported. The apophytes in Himalaya are found in both ruderal and segetal plant communities in contrast to Chenopodiaceae in temperate parts of Eurasia which prefer ruderal places only. The Himalaya and West Tibet are considered to be the regions with the greatest taxonomic diversity of native Dysphania in Eurasia. Chenopodium perttii is described as new for science, and its differences from other related taxa are described, including its unique minute-papillate (almost smooth when dry) pericarp. C. bengalense seems to be an older name for the taxa known as C. giganteum or C. album subsp. amaranticolor. The lectotypes of Chenopodium giganteum, C. album subsp. yunnanense, C. aristatum f. muticum (here synonymized with Dysphania kitiae) and Microgynoecium tibeticum are designated. Both lectotype and epitype for Atriplex bengalensis (basionym of C. bengalense), C. giganteum and the re-instated species C. pallidum are designated.

The composition of many Chenopodiaceae genera in different parts of Himalaya and Tibet has been insufficiently known or contradictory. A revision of the family in Himalaya including Bhutan, Nepal, parts of India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim and Uttarakhand) and Tibet (Xizang, China) is presented for the first time. Altogether, 57 species from 20 genera are reported, including three species new to science (Agriophyllumtibeticum, Salsolaaustrotibetica and Salsolahartmannii). Atriplexcentralasiatica, Corispermumdutreuilii and Salsolamonoptera are identified as new records for India and Chenopodiumpamiricum is recorded in China for the first time. Dysphaniaambrosioides and Sympegmaregelii are recorded for Xizang. The generic and species keys, species distributions (including maps) and taxonomic notes are provided. We indicate for the first time that the presence of short yellow hairs is the remarkable morphological characteristic of the genus Grubovia. Evident heterocarpy and heterospermy is found in Dysphania for the first time (Dysphaniatibetica). Agriophyllumpungens, Atriplexcrassifolia, Atriplexlaciniata, Atriplexsagittata, Axyrisamaranthoides, Axyrishybrida, Bassiaindica, Corispermumkorovinii, Dysphaniaschraderiana (=Chenopodiumfoetidum auct.), Halocharisviolacea and Suaedamicrosperma are excluded from the species list. Neobotrydiumcorniculatum is synonymised with Dysphaniakitiae, Neobotrydiumlongii with Dysphaniahimalaica and Neobotrydiumornithopodum seems to be conspecific with Dysphanianepalensis. Corispermumladakhianum is a new synonym of Corispermumtibeticum. Amaranthusdiandrus is added to the synonyms of Acroglochinpersicarioides, and Bassiafiedleri, previously considered as conspecific with Gruboviadasyphylla, is added to the synonymy of Bassiascoparia. Lectotypes of Anabasisglomerata (≡Halogetonglomeratus), Halogetontibeticus (=Halogetonglomeratus), Amaranthusdiandrus (=Acroglochinpersicarioides), Chenopodiumtibeticum (≡Dysphaniatibetica), Corispermumdutreuilii, Corispermumfalcatum, Corispermumlhasaense, Corispermumpamiricumvar.pilocarpum (=Corispermumgelidum, syn. nov.), Corispermumtibeticum, Kochiaindica(≡Bassiaindica), Kochiaodontoptera (≡Bassiaodontoptera) and Salsolamonoptera are selected. Out of 53 native elements, 42 are restricted in their distribution to Himalaya and Tibet at altitudes 2000–4500 m above sea level. The greatest taxonomic diversity of the Chenopodiaceae is represented in Jammu and Kashmir (India) and Xizang (China) with a continuous decrease in the number of species southwards.

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A new endemic species, Eranthis tanhoensissp. nov., is described from the Republic of Buryatia and Irkutsk Province, Russia. It belongs to Eranthis section Shibateranthis and is morphologically similar to E. sibirica and E. stellata. An integrative taxonomic approach, based on cytogenetical, molecular and biochemical analyses, along with morphological data, was used to delimit this new species.

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The taxonomy of perennial Sesuvium species in Africa has been poorly investigated until now. Previously five perennial species of Sesuvium were recognised in Africa (S. congense, S. crithmoides, S. mesembryanthemoides, S. portulacastrum, and S. sesuvioides). Based on the differing number of stamens, S. ayresii is accepted here as being distinct from S. portulacastrum. Field observations in Angola also led the authors to conclude that S. crystallinum and S. mesembryanthemoides are conspecific with S. crithmoides. A new subspecies, Sesuvium portulacastrum subsp. persoonii, is described from West Africa (Cape Verde, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mauritania, Senegal). The molecular phylogeny indicates the position of S. portulacastrum subsp. persoonii within the “American lineage” as a part of the Sesuvium portulacastrum complex which needs further studies. A diagnostic key and taxonomic notes are provided for the six perennial species of Sesuvium found in Africa and recognised by the authors (S. ayresii, S. congense, S. crithmoides, S. portulacastrum subsp. portulacastrum, S. portulacastrum subsp. persoonii, S. verrucosum and the facultatively short-lived S. sesuvioides). The distribution of S. crithmoides, previously considered to be endemic to Angola, is now confirmed for the seashores of Republic of Congo and DR Congo. The American species S. verrucosum is reported for the first time for Africa (the Macaronesian islands: Cape Verde and the Canaries). It is locally naturalised in Gran Canaria, being a potentially invasive species. These findings as well as new records of S. verrucosum from Asia and the Pacific Islands confirm its proneness to transcontinental introduction. Lectotypes of S. brevifolium, S. crithmoides, S. crystallinum and S. mesembryanthemoides are selected. The seed micromorphology and anatomy of the perennial African species is studied. Compared to the seeds of some annual African Sesuvium investigated earlier, those of perennial species are smooth or slightly alveolate. The aril is one-layered and parenchymatous in all species and usually tightly covers the seed. The aril detachments from the seed coat that form a white stripe near the cotyledon area easily distinguish S. verrucosum from other species under study.

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The paper presents new records for 39 vascular plant species from eight Eurasian countries. Aniselytron treutleri (Poaceae), Hackelochloa granularis (Poaceae), Melica kozlovii (Poaceae) and Melica nutans (Poaceae) are reported from China; Dichondra micrantha (Convolvulaceae) from Hungary; Orobanche serbica (Orobanchaceae) and Viscum album subsp. austriacum (Santalaceae) from Italy; Petrorhagia prolifera (Caryophyllaceae), Puccinellia schischkinii and Stipa pulcherrima (Poaceae) from Kyrgyzstan; Megadenia speluncarum (Brassicaceae), Phelipanche lavandulacea (Orobanchaceae), Solanum physalifolium (Solanaceae), Thymus lenensis (Lamiaceae) from Russia; Rubus phoenicolasius (Rosaceae) from Slovakia; Atraphaxis karataviensis (Polygonaceae) from Tajikistan; as well as Rubus austroslovacus and R. crispomarginatus