Seed characters in Molluginaceae (Caryophyllales): implications for taxonomy and evolution

Sukhorukov, Alexander P.; Zhang, Mingli; Kushunina, Maria; Nilova, Maya V.; Krinitsina, A.A.; Zaika, Maxim A.; Mazei, Yuri A.

doi:10.1093/botlinnean/boy021

Cited by 10 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…observ.). The seeds of these three species (~0.2 mm across) are amongst the smallest in the large “Globular Inclusion” clade (core Caryophyllales: Cuénoud et al 2002) along with tiny seeds of some Molluginaceae (Sukhorukov et al, in press). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostics, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution of perennial Sesuvium (Aizoaceae) in Africa

Sukhorukov¹,

Nilova²,

Erst³

et al. 2018

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The taxonomy of perennial Sesuvium species in Africa has been poorly investigated until now. Previously five perennial species of Sesuvium were recognised in Africa (S. congense, S. crithmoides, S. mesembryanthemoides, S. portulacastrum, and S. sesuvioides). Based on the differing number of stamens, S. ayresii is accepted here as being distinct from S. portulacastrum. Field observations in Angola also led the authors to conclude that S. crystallinum and S. mesembryanthemoides are conspecific with S. crithmoides. A new subspecies, Sesuvium portulacastrum subsp. persoonii, is described from West Africa (Cape Verde, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mauritania, Senegal). The molecular phylogeny indicates the position of S. portulacastrum subsp. persoonii within the “American lineage” as a part of the Sesuvium portulacastrum complex which needs further studies. A diagnostic key and taxonomic notes are provided for the six perennial species of Sesuvium found in Africa and recognised by the authors (S. ayresii, S. congense, S. crithmoides, S. portulacastrum subsp. portulacastrum, S. portulacastrum subsp. persoonii, S. verrucosum and the facultatively short-lived S. sesuvioides). The distribution of S. crithmoides, previously considered to be endemic to Angola, is now confirmed for the seashores of Republic of Congo and DR Congo. The American species S. verrucosum is reported for the first time for Africa (the Macaronesian islands: Cape Verde and the Canaries). It is locally naturalised in Gran Canaria, being a potentially invasive species. These findings as well as new records of S. verrucosum from Asia and the Pacific Islands confirm its proneness to transcontinental introduction. Lectotypes of S. brevifolium, S. crithmoides, S. crystallinum and S. mesembryanthemoides are selected. The seed micromorphology and anatomy of the perennial African species is studied. Compared to the seeds of some annual African Sesuvium investigated earlier, those of perennial species are smooth or slightly alveolate. The aril is one-layered and parenchymatous in all species and usually tightly covers the seed. The aril detachments from the seed coat that form a white stripe near the cotyledon area easily distinguish S. verrucosum from other species under study.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostics, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution of perennial Sesuvium (Aizoaceae) in Africa

Sukhorukov¹,

Nilova²,

Erst³

et al. 2018

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“…The multivariate analysis aims to test whether the morphological and carpological character subdivision corresponds with the phylogenetic reconstructions. In our previous papers, multivariate analysis provided a good support for the non-stochastic distribution of the characters in major clades of the entire Molluginaceae ( Sukhorukov et al 2018 ) and the genus Microtea , Microteaceae ( Sukhorukov et al 2019 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…In a previous carpological study of all Molluginaceae ( Sukhorukov et al 2018 ), the disparity of many specimens belonging to the same Glinus species in the herbaria visited was noted. In fact, the limited number of diagnostic characters used and absence of detailed taxonomic treatment do not allow for an evaluation of the real diversity of Glinus in tropical Africa, the most species-rich region of the genus in the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It includes annual and perennial herbs and rarely subshrubs covered with simple or stellate hairs, with exstipulate, lanceolate to obovate leaves arranged in false whorls of 3–5, several to many verticillate, sessile or pedicellate flowers, pentamerous perianth consisting of free segments that are green dorsally and white, pink or yellow ventrally, petaloid staminodes often present originating from the outer stamen whorl, 3–30 stamens and 3- or 5-valvate, strongly hydrochastic capsules with numerous small arillate seeds. Among Caryophyllales as well as Molluginaceae , Glinus is characterized by the remarkable seed aril divided into two parts: a white, usually well-visible hood covering the funiculus and a large ribbon-like appendage ( Pitot 1965 ; Narayana and Lodha 1972 ; Endress and Bittrich 1993 ; Sukhorukov et al 2018 ). Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on four species ( G. lotoides L., G. oppositifolius (L.) Aug.DC., G. radiatus (Ruiz & Pav.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and G. bainesii (Oliv.) Pax ( Sukhorukov et al 2018 ). Additional characters (pubescence density and pedicel length) were used for the infraspecific descriptions of the morphologically heterogeneous G. lotoides and G. oppositifolius ( Gonçalves 1965 , 1970 , 1978 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolutionary relationships, biogeography and morphological characters of Glinus (Molluginaceae), with special emphasis on the genus composition in Sub-Saharan Africa

Sukhorukov¹,

Sennikov²,

Veranso‐Libalah³

et al. 2021

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Glinus is a small genus of Molluginaceae with 8–10 species mostly distributed in the tropics of the World. Its composition and evolutionary relationships were poorly studied. A new molecular phylogeny constructed here using nuclear (ITS) and chloroplast (rbcL, trnK-matK) markers confirmed the monophyly of the genus. Based on ITS analysis, the following well-supported lineages are present within Glinus: the G. bainesii lineage is recovered as sister to the remainder of the genus followed by G. oppositifolius. Three other clades are: G. hirtus with G. orygioides; G. radiatus and G. lotoides; the latter is represented by a sample from North America, and G. zambesiacus as sister to G. setiflorus + G. lotoides + G. dictamnoides. On the plastid gene tree, G. bainesii + G. oppositifolius form a sister clade to all other Glinus species. The next clade is formed by G. hirtus and G. orygioides followed by G. radiatus plus an American sample of G. lotoides. The next branch comprises G. setiflorus as sister to G. zambesiacus + G. lotoides + G. dictamnoides. Glinus seems to have originated from Africa around the Late Eocene or Early Miocene, with further radiations to Australia and the Americas during the Late Miocene or Late Pliocene. Compared with the previous limited character set used for the diagnostics, we have found ten new morphological and carpological traits distinguishing Glinus members. In both trees based on nuclear and plastid datasets, the major phylogenetic clades cannot be characterized by the peculiar morphological characters. Many shared character states leading to their contrasting pattern in the multivariate analysis model are interpreted as a high homoplasy in the phylogenetically distant species. We paid special attention to the composition of the genus in Sub-Saharan Africa, a region with the greatest species diversity. Our results provide new insight into the taxonomy of Glinus in this region. Glinus lotoides var. virens accepted in many previous works is a synonym of G. dictamnoides that is closely related to G. lotoides based on molecular analysis and morphological characters. The status of the American populations of G. lotoides needs further investigation due to different characters of the specimens from the Old and the New World. Many specimens previously identified as G. lotoides var. virens and as the intermediates G. lotoides × G. oppositifolius belong to G. zambesiacussp. nov. and G. hirtuscomb. nov. (≡ Mollugo hirta); the latter species is resurrected from synonymy after 200 years of unacceptance. In some African treatments, G. hirtus was known under the invalidly published name G. dahomensis. Glinus zambesiacus is distributed in the southern and eastern parts of tropical Africa, and G. hirtus previously assumed to be endemic to West Africa is indeed a species with a wide distribution across the tropical part of the continent. Glinus microphyllus previously accepted as endemic to West Tropical Africa together with other new synonyms (G. oppositifolius var. lanatus, G. herniarioides, Wycliffea rotundifolia) is considered here as G. oppositifolius var. keenaniicomb. nov. (≡ Mollugo hirta var. keenanii), a variety found across the entire distribution of G. oppositifolius (Australia, Asia, and Africa). The presence of the American G. radiatus in Africa is not confirmed, and all records of this species belong to G. hirtus. The lectotypes of some names (G. dictamnoides, G. herniarioides, Mollugo hirta, M. setiflora, Pharnaceum pentagynum, Wycliffea) as well as a neotype of G. trianthemoides are designated. A new key to the identification of all Glinus species in Sub-Saharan Africa is provided. A checklist is given of all accepted species in this region (G. bainesii, G. hirtus, G. lotoides, G. oppositifolius s.l., G. setiflorus, and G. zambesiacus) with their nomenclature, morphological description and geographical distribution.

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Micromorphological characterization of seeds of dicot angiosperms from the Thal desert (Pakistan)

Majeed

Ahmad

Özdemir

et al. 2023

Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all As

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Seed characters in Molluginaceae (Caryophyllales): implications for taxonomy and evolution

Cited by 10 publications

References 42 publications

Diagnostics, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution of perennial Sesuvium (Aizoaceae) in Africa

Diagnostics, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution of perennial Sesuvium (Aizoaceae) in Africa

Evolutionary relationships, biogeography and morphological characters of Glinus (Molluginaceae), with special emphasis on the genus composition in Sub-Saharan Africa

Micromorphological characterization of seeds of dicot angiosperms from the Thal desert (Pakistan)

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