AbstrakKesenjangan antara produksi dan kebutuhan domestik daging sapi saat ini telah mengakibatkan kecenderungan tingginya harga daging sapi nasional. Tingginya harga daging di pasar tersebut tidak dapat dinikmati oleh peternak antara lain karena posisi tawar peternaknya lemah. Salah satu model pengembangan yang untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut telah diinisiasi oleh Bank Indonesia adalah klaster. Pemasaran ternak sapi dalam manajemen kelompok bakal klaster melibatkan banyak pelaku yang saling terkait sehingga masalahnya menjadi kompleks dan dinamis. Pendekatan yang tepat untuk memahami persoalan adalah dinamika sistem. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa sistem pemasaran yang dilakukan dalam manejemen kelompok bakal klaster saat ini masih menempatkan peternak anggota kelompok dalam posisi tawar yang lemah. Peternak anggota hanya menerima harga dari pedagang pengumpul, pedagang pengumpul menerima harga dari koordinator pedagang pengumpul, dan koordinator pedagang pengumpul mendapatkan harga dari pedagang besar. Artinya harga di peternak anggota sangat tergantung dari harga di pedagang besar. Kebijakan yang diusulkan untuk meningkatkan posisi tawar peternak adalah menerapkan harga pedagang pengumpul dan koordinator pedagang pengumpul di peternak. Hal ini dapat dilakukan apabila ada inovasi kelembagaan usaha bersama simpan pinjam menjadi koperasi serta merangkul semua pedagang. Cara lainnya adalah dengan membentuk unit balai lelang agro di koperasi. Koperasi berfungsi menampung produksi anggota dan melelangnya kepada pedagang. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa skenario kebijakan menerapkan harga di tingkat pedagang akan meningkatkan keuntungan dan likuiditas keuangan peternak.Kata Kunci: Sapi Bali, posisi tawar, klaster, dinamika sistem, koperasiAbstractThe gap between production and domestic consumption of beef has now resulted in a tendency to high beef prices nationwide. The high price of meat in the market can not be enjoyed by farmers, among others, because of the weak bargaining position of the farmer. One of the development model to overcome these problems have been initiated by Bank Indonesia is a cluster. Marketing of cattle in the cluster group management will involve many actors are interrelated so that the problem becomes complex and dynamic. The right approach to understanding the problem is the system dynamics. The results showed that the marketing system are carried out in the management group will cluster is still putting breeders group members in a weak bargaining position. Breeders members only receive the price of the traders, traders receive price from collectors coordinator, and the coordinator of traders get the price of large traders. Means the price at farmer members highly dependent on the price at wholesalers. The proposed policy to improve the bargaining position of farmers is to apply the price collectors and traders in breeder coordinator. This can be done if there is a joint effort of institutional innovation become savings and loan cooperatives and embrace all traders. Another way is to form a unit in the cooperative agro auction. Cooperative serves to accommodate the production of the members and auction to the merchant. The simulation results show that the policy scenarios apply price at the merchant level will improve profitability and financial liquidity breeders.Keywords: Bali Cattle, bargaining position, cluster, system dynamics, cooperative
Suatu penelitian telah dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Alor selama 1 bulan untuk pengumpulan data. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya pendapatan usaha ternak babi di Kabupaten Alor. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survey untuk memperoleh data primer dan data sekunder. Data tersebut diperoleh melalui wawancara langsung berdasarkan daftar pertanyaan yang telah disiapkan, observasi serta teknik dokumentasi pada dokumen laporan-laporan instansi terkait atau lembaga dan hasil-hasil penelitian maupun referensi lainnya yang ada hubungannya dengan penelitian ini. Pengambilan contoh dilakukan melalui tiga tahap yakni tahap pertama penentuan dua kecamatan contoh secara purposive, tahap kedua penentuan empat desa contoh dari tiap kecamatan terpilih secara purposive dan tahap ketiga penentuan peternak contoh sebanyak 80 responden secara acak non proporsional. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis pendapatan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata pendapatan yang diperoleh tiap peternak babi di Kabupaten Alor adalah Rp10.289.675/tahun dimana 52% merupakan pendapatan tunai sedangkan 48% lainnya adalah pendapatan non tunai. A study was conducted in Alor Regency data collection. The study aims to determine the income of pig farming in Alor Regency. The research method used is a survey method to obtain primary data and secondary data. The data was obtained through direct interviews based on questionnaire prepared, observations and documentation techniques on the reports of relevant agencies or institutions, research results and other references related to the study. Sampling was carried out in three stages. The first, determining two sample of sub-districts purposively; the second, determining four selected villages from each selected sub-district purposively and the third, determining the sample of breeders as many as 80 respondents by applying non-proportional random sampling. Data were then analyzed applying income analysis. The results show that the average income earned by each pig farmer in Alor Regency is Rp10,289,675/year where 52% is cash income and 48% is non cash income
Salah satu persoalan yang terjadi di daerah sentra produksi adalah pemotongan betina produktif. Fenomena tersebut diduga terjadi pula di Timor Barat sebagai salah satu daerah kantong produksi sapi bali. Sapi bali adalah salah satu plasma nuftah yang memiliki persoalan sistemik karena melibatkan banyak pelaku. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui upaya pengendalian pemotongan betina produktif dalam manajemen dan kelembagaan aktual. Pendekatan pemahaman sistem agribisnis sapi bali di Timor Barat dilakukan dengan prespektif dinamika sistem. Informan kunci ditentukan melalui pemetaan pelaku dalam rantai pasok sapi bali. Penentuan informan kunci menggunakan metode snow ball sampling. Banyaknya informan kunci tergantung pada kejenuhan informasi yang diperoleh. Data, informasi, dan pengetahuan primer dikumpulkan berdasarkan observasi, focuss group diskusi (FGD), dan wawancara mendalam (indepth study) dengan informan kunci. Jenis data yang dikumpulkan terdiri atas: data numerik, data tertulis, dan model mental. Pemodelan dengan dinamika sistem akan menggunakan perangkat lunak Ventana Simulation (Vensim). Hasil analisis dan pembahasan menunjukkan manajemen dan kelembagaan aktual yang melibatkan berbagai pelaku dalam sistem ketersediaan daging sapi untuk pasar lokal belum memiliki peran untuk pengendalian pemotongan betina produktif. Kebijakan yang diperlukan untuk mengendalikan pemotongan sapi bali betina produktif, adalah meningkatkan calf crop dan menekan mortalitas.Kata kunci: betina produktif, pemotongan, sapi bali, sistem, Timor Barat. ABSTRACTOne of the problems that occur in the center of production is slaughtering productive cows. This phenomenon is thought to occur in West Timor as one of the production center of bali cattle production. Bali cattle are one of the plasma nuftah which has systemic problems due to involve many actors. This study aims to determine the efforts to control the slaughtering of productive cows in actual management and institutions. An understanding approach to the bali cattle agribusiness system is carried out with a perspective dynamics system. Key informants were determined through mapping of actors in the supply chain of bali cattle. Determination of key informants is applying the snow ball sampling methods. Data are collected based on observation, FGD, and in-depth interviews. Data collected consists of: numeric and written data, and also mental models. Modeling with dynamics system will use Vensim software. The results show that actual management and institutions do not yet have a role to control the slaughtering of productive cows. The policy needed to control the slaughter of productive bali cows is to increase calf crop and reduce mortality.Keywords: productive, slaughtering, bali cows, system, West Timor
A study was conducted in the Amfoang Region, Kupang Regency with the aim of knowing the amount of cash income and the factors that influence the cash income of beef cattle farmers with different maintenance systems in the Amfoang Region, Kupang Regency. Sampling is done in stages. The first and second stages, namely the determination of two sub-districts and four sample villages, were carried out purposively with the consideration that the two sub-districts and four villages had the largest and smallest beef cattle populations and represented the highlands and lowlands in the Amfoang area. The third stage is the determination of 40 non-proportional random sample farmers in each rearing system. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression. The results showed that cash income in the tie system is 61,93% higher than in the loose grazing system. In the tie system, the cash income obtained by farmers is Rp11.646.824,95 or Rp8.088.072,88 per unit of livestock. In the loose grazing system,cash income is Rp7.157.250 or Rp5.818.902,44 per unit of livestock. Factors which has a real relationship to cash income of beef cattle business both in the tie system and in the loose grazing system, namely the number of cattle sold and the cost of feed. The factor that has the most significant effect on cash income in both the tie system and the loose system is the number of cattle sold. Therefore, to increase the cash income of farmers, the number of livestock sold must be increased.
This research aims to: 1) identify the role of the Cattle Breeding Economic Empowerment Program in enhancing production output of beef cattle; 2) identify the role of Cattle Breeding Economic Empowerment Program in enhancing the income of the cattle breeders; 3) identify and analyze factors that influence the development of the cattle breeding program; 4) identify and analyze factors that influence the economy of the cattle breeders; and 5) formulate a development strategy for the Cattle Breeding Economic Empowerment Program. This research was conducted in 3 sub-districts, 6 villages, and 8 business groups of the Cattle Breeding Economic Empowerment Program in Ngada District. The research locations were selected from a purposive sampling technique upon active business groups. Total research informants accounts for 52 people out of a population of 2.466 from the Cattle Breeding Economic Empowerment Program of year 2011. Method of analyze undertook quantitative (correlatio-regression) and qualitative descriptive styles, continued with a SWOT analyze. Research results point that: 1) the Cattle Breeding Economic Empowerment Program provides positive contribution towards the development of cattle breeding in Ngada District, which resulted in a rise of 10% of the whole cattle production output; 2) the Cattle Breeding Economic Empowerment Program provides positive contribution towards the income of cattle breeders in Ngada District, with an 18% rise of income; 3) calving interval (X 5) partially influence the development of cattle breeding in terms of cattle production output (95% confidence level); 4) cattle sold (X 5) partially and positively influences the increase of income of the cattle breeders (99% confidence level); 5) proposed strategy for the development of the Cattle Breeding Economic Empowerment Program in Ngada encompasses enhancement in cattle breeding output, development of human resources, optimization of natural resources, implementation of technology, development of marketing efforts, and sustainability of the cattle breeding business it self.
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