ABSTRACT:Background: Tuberculosis is a serious public health problem that still persists in the world and in Brazil. The municipality of São Paulo, Brazil, is among the prioritized ones in the country for disease control. Objective: To describe the epidemiological profile of all new tuberculosis cases in São Paulo municipality reported between the years 2006 and 2013. Methods: The variables selected for the study were: socioeconomic, demographic and clinical-epidemiologic obtained through the online information system TB-WEB. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed to undertake the comparison among the years. To study the historical series, linear trend analysis was held. Results and discussion: There was an increase in the tuberculosis incidence rate in children under 15 years and in homeless people. The cure rate has improved as the proportion of completion of supervised treatment and the proportion of cases diagnosed by primary care clinics. The disease is unevenly distributed within the municipality of São Paulo and there are districts that were not able to improve the tuberculosis control. Conclusion: The municipal tuberculosis program control needs to target the vulnerable groups and the regions of the city where the incidence rates are higher.

BACKGROUNDThe social reality of the albino needs to be more studied in Brazil, as myths and social segregation regarding this illness are likely to be found in the country, with psychosocial and medical implications.OBJECTIVEAs this subject has not been referenced in previous scientific articles in Brazil, this research intends to evaluate the quality of life of the albinos that treated at our medical institution.METHODSThe quality of life was evaluated through the WHOQOL-BREF. Furthermore, two aspects of main relevance in the lives of the albinos were also objects of research, low vision and skin cancer. The sample consisted of forty oculocutaneous albinos and a control group of forty healthy individuals, matched by sex and age.RESULTSAmong the participants, 57.7% were between 18 and 40 years old, 28.2% were between 41 and 60, and 14.1% were over 60. 42.1% had skin cancer before the study, 18.4% had skin cancer during the study and 89.5% stated visual deficit. The results obtained in the questionnaires showed a statistically significant difference in the physical domain, with P < 0.001.CONCLUSIONLow vision combined with skin lesions and social stigma may contribute to disturbances in the quality of life of oculocutaneous albinos. The results presented in this study demonstrated the vulnerability of the affected individuals and the special care required by those patients, at the same time that the need for further research is highlighted in order to better elucidate the aspects related to albinism.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of and trends regarding the incidence of pleural TB. Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study of TB cases reported between 1998 and 2005 and compiled from the Epidemiological Surveillance Tuberculosis System (Epi-TB database). Results: A total of 144,347 new cases of TB were reported during the period studied. Pulmonary TB was the predominant form (118,575 cases; 82.2%). Among the extrapulmonary forms (25,773 cases; 17.8%), pleural TB was the form most often reported (12,545 cases; 48.7%). For all forms, the incidence (per 100,000 population) decreased (from 49.7 in 1998 to 44.6 in 2005; R 2 = 0.898; p < 0.001), whereas the incidence of pleural TB remained stable (4.1 in 1998 and 3.8 in 2005; R 2 = 0.433; p = 0.076). The highest incidence of pleural TB was found among males (2:1) aged from 30 to 59 years. Of the 12,545 patients with pleural TB, 4,018 (32.0%) presented comorbidities: alcoholism (9.5%); HIV (8.0%); diabetes (3.3%); and mental illness (1.2%). The diagnosis was based on bacteriological (14.2%) and histological (30.2%) methods, as well as on unspecified methods (55.6%). Conclusions: Pleural TB was the predominant extrapulmonary form of TB in the state of São Paulo, with a stable incidence between 1998 and 2005, although there was a trend toward a decrease in the incidence of the pulmonary forms. The diagnosis of pleural TB was confirmed through histology and bacteriology in 44.4% of the cases. A incidência (por 100.000 habitantes) de todas as formas diminuiu, (49,7 em 1998 e 44,6 em 2005; R 2 = 0,898; p < 0,001), enquanto a incidência de TB pleural permaneceu estável (4,1 em 1998 e 3,8 em 2005; R 2 = 0,433; p = 0,076). A maior incidência de TB pleural ocorreu em pacientes do sexo masculino (2:1) entre 30 e 59 anos de idade. Dos 12.545 pacientes com TB pleural, 4.018 (32,0%) apresentaram comorbidades: alcoolismo (9,5%); HIV (8,0%); diabetes (3,3%); e doença mental (1,2%). O diagnóstico referido fundamentou-se em métodos bacteriológicos (14,2%) e histológicos (30,2%), assim como outros não especificados (55,6%). Conclusões: No estado de São Paulo, a TB pleural foi a forma extrapulmonar predominante, apresentando incidência estável no período entre 1998 e 2005, apesar da tendência de diminuição das formas pulmonares. A histologia e a bacteriologia definiram o diagnóstico em 44,4% dos casos. Keywords Original ArticleEpidemiological aspects of pleural tuberculosis in the state of São Paulo, Brazil (1998-2005 MethodsThis was a retrospective, observational, descriptive study carried out in the Pulmonology

Objetivos: Analisar o câncer de pulmão e brônquios de acordo com sexo, idade e localização no Município de São Paulo para facilitar desenvolvimento e implementação de políticas públicas de prevenção e combate à doença. Métodos: Análise de dados extraídos do Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade – SIM do DataSus, referentes a pacientes a partir de 0 anos de idade que faleceram em razão da doença no Município de São Paulo, no período de 2005 a 2014. Resultados: A mortalidade foi maior em pacientes do sexo masculino em todas as faixas etárias estudadas, mas especialmente maior entre aqueles acima dos 50 anos de idade. Quanto a localidade, nota-se um coeficiente de mortalidade maior nos distritos administrativos mais ricos de São Paulo. Conforme aumenta a renda da população, maior é o número de fumantes, pois são regiões que possuem mais recursos para financiar o hábito por tabaco. Conclusão: Os dados demonstraram que sexo, idade e localização residencial, associados a tabagismo, exposição ocupacional e poluição atmosférica; influenciaram a taxa de mortalidade no período estudado. Assim, evidencia-se a necessidade de políticas de controle e/ou preservação contra os fatores predisponentes, como forma de diminuir a incidência da doença.

The intake was adjusted for within-person variability by the method proposed by Iowa State University, using the software PC-SIDE, and energy-adjusted for the residual method. The validity for 23 nutrients was assessed by Spearman correlation coefficient and weighted k. Intra-class correlation coefficient and weighted k was used to reproducibility assessment. Results In the validation, the Spearman correlation coefficients ranged from 0.25 (riboflavin) to 0.57 (phosphorus) of which eight nutrients showed acceptable correlation (>0.4). In the reproducibility analysis, the intra-class correlation coefficients ranged from 0.18 (vitamin C) to 0.57 (niacin), of which five nutrients showed acceptable correlation. The weighted k ranged from 0.18 (sodium) to 0.67 (riboflavin) to reproducibility and from 0.19 (polyunsatured fat) to 0.56 (calcium) to validation. Conclusion The results support the use of this instrument to assess food intake in epidemiological studies conducted in São Paulo, Brazil. Background Several low-and middle-income countries, lack wellfunctioning population-based cancer registry. We evaluated the completeness of a pathology based cancer registry in Iran. We further studies evolutionary progress of the cancer registries worldwide. Methods We evaluated consistency of the incidence rates reported by national pathology-based cancer registry in Iran from 2004 to 2007. We further compared the incidence rates of the pathology-and population-based registries in a few regions, where both data were available. In addition, we studied the increasing trend in the number of population-based cancer registries worldwide, using the reports published in the Volumes IeIX of the monograph "Cancer in Five Continents." Results The Iranian pathology-based cancer registry, reports only about 60e70% of cancers. The underestimates were greater in cancers with poor-prognosis including lung, stomach, and oesophageal cancers. Almost four regional cancer registries were established every 10 years since 1960. However, the USA was an exception, where the number of cancer registries increased from 14 in 1998 to 44 regional registries in 2002, due to the advance infrastructure in the health informatics and ambitious initiatives by the Centers for Disease Control in the USA. Conclusions Pathology based cancer registry cannot provide reliable estimate for the cancer incidence rates, particularly in cancers with a poor prognosis. Developing countries should establish and support regional registries and expand their coverage gradually. Given the recent advances in the health informatics, small efforts will enhance the coverage of cancer registries worldwide, particularly in the less than middle income countries. SP3-79

Background We aimed to investigate the influence of sleep disturbance on the 10-year risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in men aged 25e64 years in Russia. Materials and Methods Within the framework of the WHO program "MONICA-psychosocial" a representative sample of men aged 25e64 years was surveyed in 1994 (657 persons). Sleep disturbance were measured at baseline using the MONICAdpsychosocial scale. Incidence new MI cases were ascertained using systematic surveillance the 10-year follow-up. Coxdproportional regression model was used for an estimation of RR. Results Two thirds of the subjects who experienced their first MI referred to their sleep as "sleep disturbances". The 10-year RR of MI in men aged 25e64 years was 2.8 times higher (p<0.05) in those whose sleep was described as "poor" vs those with "good" sleep. RR of MI in men aged 25e44 years was 9.25 times higher (p<0.0001) in those whose sleep was described as "poor" vs those with "good" sleep. In the 45e64 year age group these differences were insignificant. RR of MI in men with sleep disturbances was higher in widowers, divorced men, with low social support level men, men with only primary education, working class men, and pensioners. Conclusion The results demonstrate that sleep disturbances present a social problem and contribute to the risk of MI in young men.

decline from 23.9 % in 1998 to 21.8 % in 2009, mortality rates deserve our worries. Conclusions Overall, the results point out to a declining co-infection trend. However treatment outcomes are quite worrisome; the cure of co-infected patients, being lower than the non co-infected, demonstrate the need to create priorities and adequate strategies for this population, mainly regarding the follow-up of these cases.

Objective: To describe the prevalence of neutralizing antibodies against poliovirus (PV1, PV2, and PV3) in blood samples of healthcare professionals aged 20 to 50 years. Methods: Health professionals who serve children at Darcy Vargas Children’s Hospital and the Department of Pediatrics of Irmandade da Santa Casa de São Paulo. The sample size was calculated at 323 participants. The Mantel-Haenszel chi-square was used to verify differences between groups. The neutralization reaction detected human poliovirus antibodies. For susceptible individuals, vaccination with the inactivated+triple acellular polio vaccine was performed, and neutralizing antibodies were re-dosed after one week. Results: 333 professionals were studied - 92.8% were immune to poliovirus 1, 86.5% to poliovirus 2, and 63.3% to poliovirus 3; 37% had titers less than 1:8 for any serotype, 5;1% had titers below 1:8 for all three. Vaccination with inactivated polio vaccine was performed for susceptible participants, and neutralizing antibodies were dosed after one week, showing increased titers for all polioviruses. Conclusions: Despite the detection of a significant percentage of individuals with low poliovirus antibody titer, the challenge with vaccination demonstrated immune response compatible with poliovirus immunity.