OBJECTIVETo determine the usefulness of measuring hemoglobin A1c (A1C), alone or combined with the fasting glucose test, compared with the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for the reassessment of the carbohydrate metabolism status in postpartum women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe evaluated the status of carbohydrate metabolism by performing the OGTT and fasting glucose and A1C tests in 231 postpartum women with prior GDM 1 year after delivery.RESULTSThe prevalence of abnormal carbohydrate metabolism was 45.89% by the OGTT criterion, 19.05% by the A1C test criterion, 38.10% by the fasting glucose test criterion, and 46.75% by the A1C-fasting glucose test criteria. Using the OGTT as the gold standard, abnormal carbohydrate metabolism according to the A1C test criterion had 22.64% sensitivity and 54.55% positive predictive value; abnormal carbohydrate metabolism by the fasting glucose criterion had 83.02% sensitivity and 100% positive predictive value. The A1C-fasting glucose test criteria classified 18 women with normal carbohydrate metabolism as having abnormal carbohydrate metabolism. Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism by the A1C-fasting glucose test criteria had 83.02% sensitivity and 81.48% positive predictive value.CONCLUSIONSOur results seem to indicate that the A1C test criterion alone or in combination with fasting glucose test criterion does not provide a sensitive and specific diagnosis of abnormal carbohydrate metabolism in women who have had GDM.

An association between anorexia nerviosa (AN) and low bone mass has been demonstrated. Bone loss associated with AN involves hormonal and nutritional impairments, though their exact contribution is not clearly established. We compared bone mass in AN patients with women of similar weight with no criteria for AN, and a third group of healthy, normal-weight, age-matched women. The study included forty-eight patients with AN, twenty-two healthy eumenorrhoeic women with low weight (LW group; BMI , 18·5 kg/m 2 ) and twenty healthy women with BMI .18·5 kg/m 2 (control group), all of similar age. We measured lean body mass, percentage fat mass, total bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density in lumbar spine (BMD LS) and in total (tBMD). We measured anthropometric parameters, leptin and growth hormone. The control group had greater tBMD and BMD LS than the other groups, with no differences between the AN and LW groups. No differences were found in tBMD, BMD LS and total BMC between the restrictive (n 25) and binge -purge type (n 23) in AN patients. In AN, minimum weight (P¼0·002) and percentage fat mass (P¼ 0·02) explained BMD LS variation (r 2 0·48) and minimum weight (r 2 0·42; P¼ 0·002) for tBMD in stepwise regression analyses. In the LW group, BMI explained BMD LS (r 2 0·72; P¼ 0·01) and tBMD (r 2 0·57; P¼ 0·04). We concluded that patients with AN had similar BMD to healthy thin women. Anthropometric parameters could contribute more significantly than oestrogen deficiency in the achievement of peak bone mass in AN patients.

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In this first crossover study comparing the use of an ABA with the standard usual care, the use of an ABA was effective and well accepted. Furthermore, reduction in hypoglycemic events, improvement in adherence and quality of life, and higher treatment satisfaction were observed.

Levels of anti-oxidized LDL antibodies are independent predictors for the development of T2DM in women.

Moringa oleifera (MO) is a multipurpose plant with a high polyphenol content, which is being increasingly consumed to lessen the risk of chronic metabolic diseases such as Type 2 diabetes; however, scientific evidence from clinical trials is scarce. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group intervention study with MO leaves as a food supplement was conducted in subjects with prediabetes. They consumed six daily capsules of MO dry leaf powder (2400 mg/day) (MO, n = 31) or placebo (PLC, n = 34) over 12 weeks. Glycemia, appetite-controlling hormones and gut microbiota composition were studied. ANCOVA with the fixed factor “treatment” and the basal value as covariate was used to compare the change score between the groups. The results showed significant differences between groups in the rate of change of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), which showed opposite directions during the intervention, decreasing in MO and increasing in PLC. No different change scores were found between the groups in microbiota, hepatic and renal function markers or the appetite-controlling hormones measured. In conclusion, MO supplementation resulted in favorable changes in glycaemia markers compared to placebo in the subjects with prediabetes studied, suggesting that MO might act as a natural antihyperglycemic agent.

In this observational study of pregnant women with T1DM, the type of basal insulin was independently associated with metabolic variables and foetal outcomes.

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