In order to analyse a 2 x 2 table it is usual to perform inferences (hypothesis test or interval of confidence) on the difference d = p2 - p1 between two independent proportions. To this end it has been customary to adopt the Fisher conditional method, but nowadays the unconditional method of Barnard is increasingly adopted. However, all the present unconditional inferences are based on a double-binomial model. This article performs these inferences - exact and asymptotic - under a multinomial model, which is the appropriate one when the data proceed from a cross-sectional survey. At http://www.ugr.es/-bioest/SG_ASO.EXE there is a program for performing the said unconditional tests that may be copied.

Legislative initiatives regarding universal accessibility promote the elimination of architectural barriers. This is a positive measure as it aims to ensure equal rights and opportunities for disabled people, in accordance with the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (United Nations, 2006). One of the challenges facing society today is the determination of reasonable accommodation, a concept that encompasses those necessary modifications and adjustments which do not impose a disproportionate burden. For this purpose, technical, economic and social aspects shall be taken into consideration, as required by legislation. This paper proposes reasonable accommodation in residential buildings, taking into account the different options for its attainment, by applying a multi-criteria analysis based on a wide range of objective indicators of three types: technical, social and economic. This proposal was one of the objectives of the R + D + i Project called “VIVable-From accessible housing to sustainable housing: The essence of reasonable accommodation”. From VIVable, the fuzzy multi-criteria assessment method for determining reasonable accommodation may be totally extrapolated to other uses. At the same time, the proposed method may also be extrapolated to other countries where basic requirements for universal accessibility in buildings and equal rights of persons with disabilities are standardized.

The variance is a well-known statistical measure and is frequently used for the calculation of variability. This concept can be used to obtain the degree of agreement in groups that have to make decisions. In this study, we propose the use of a variance derivative as an alternative for the calculation of the degree of consensus for Group Decision Making problems with fuzzy preference relations. As revealed by a subsequent comparative study, the values obtained by this new method are comparable to the values obtained by means of frequently used methods that employ distance functions and aggregation operators, while it turns out to be a simpler application method.

No abstract

En el contexto de toma de decisiones multicriterio y bajo ciertas circunstancias, puede ocurrir que no se pueda expresar una cierta valoración mediante una única etiqueta lingüística, ya que puede haber duda en esa valoración. En este trabajo, presentamos un modelo de consenso para problemas de toma de decisiones en grupo con relaciones de preferencia intervalares lingüísticas. Este modelo está basado en dos criterios de consenso, una medida de consenso y una de proximidad, y en el concepto de coincidencia entre preferencias. Calcularemos ambos criterios en los tres niveles de representación de una relación de preferencia y diseñaremos un mecanismo de realimentación automático para guiar a los expertos en el proceso para alcanzar el consenso.