The objective of this work was to investigate the possible relationship between perceived family support, levels of cortisol and post surgery recovery. The study sample comprised 42 patients that were due to undergo open cholecystectomy surgery in a Regional Health Authority Reference Centre of the Autonomous Community of Extremadura in Spain. The FACES-II questionnaire was used for the evaluation of perceived family support and to measure the three fundamental dimensions of perceived family behaviour: cohesion, adaptability and family type. The day before surgery, a sample of saliva was taken from each subject in order to determine the level of cortisol. Results showed a clear relationship between family support and recovery. Patients with higher scores on the Cohesion Scale demonstrated better post surgery recovery (F = 8.8; gl = 40; p = .005). A relationship between levels of cortisol, perceived family support and recovery was also revealed. Patients with lower scores on the Cohesion scale and higher cortisol levels demonstrated poorer post surgery recovery (F = 10.96; gl = 40; p = .006). These results are coherent with other studies that have highlighted the beneficial effects of perceived family support on mental and physical health.
Dementia produces a loss of independence to carry out the activities of daily life. The great demand for care that these people need usually falls on the family through informal care. This study aims to analyse the burden showed by the informal caregiver of a person with dementia. In addition, we analyse whether this burden present in informal caregivers could be related to abusive behaviour. We also study the relationship between the stage of the disease, the appearance of behavioural disorders and the level of burden in the caregiver using the Scales of Zarit, CASE and FAST. The data showed that 45.50 per cent of caregivers have light burden or burden. After the research, it was identified that the presence of behavioural disorders in patients with dementia showed a correlation with the increase in both the main caregiver burden and abuse. An increase in the level of burden is followed by an increase in the level of abuse (r = 0.844; p = 0.000). Furthermore, we analysed several conditions that could have a correlation with this burden and abuse. It was found that burden in the caregiver could be linked with the presence of behavioural disorders, like aggression (r = 0.577; p = 0.008) and irritability (r = 0.600; p = 0.005) at the moderate stage of the disease. On the other hand, there is a positive correlation between the probability that people with dementia suffer abuse in the moderate stage of the disease and the presence of aggression (r = 0.732; p = 0.000), lack of inhibition (r = 0.571; p = 0.009) and irritability (r = 0.827; p = 0.000). Taking this data into account, burden and abuse seem to be linked to the presence of behavioural disorders in patients with dementia in the moderate stage.
Resumen:Introducción: A pesar del declive cognitivo que se produce con la edad, numerosos estudios han demostrado la eficacia que tienen los programas de entrenamiento de la memoria para mejorar diversas áreas neurocognitivas en las personas mayores. Objetivo: analizar de forma preliminar el efecto diferencial de dos programas de entrenamiento de la memoria en personas mayores sobre diversas funciones cognitivas. Método: 18 sujetos entre 61 y 81 años han participado, o bien en un programa de entrenamiento en estrategias de memoria, o bien en un programa de entrenamiento en olvidos cotidianos. En todos ellos se evaluó la percepción subjetiva de la memoria, así como el desempeño cognitivo antes y después del entrenamiento. Resultados: se encontró una mejoría estadísticamente significativa en el cuestionario de quejas subjetivas de memoria en ambos grupos, y sólo se encontró cierta mejoría en memoria de trabajo visoespacial (test Corsi inverso) y en razonamiento (Analogías) en el grupo que recibió un entrenamiento en olvidos cotidianos. Conclusiones: los programas de entrenamiento de la memoria mejoran la percepción subjetiva que tienen las personas mayores del funcionamiento de la memoria, y ello es independiente de la metodología de entrenamiento utilizada. Palabras clave: Entrenamiento cognitivo; entrenamiento en memoria; memoria subjetiva; rendimiento cognitivo; personas mayores; vejez.Title: Differential effectiveness for two memory training programs in older adults with subjective memory complaints (mnemonic training vs. everyday forgetfulness training): an exploratory analysis. Abstract: Introduction: Despite the cognitive decline that occurs with age, several studies have showed the effectiveness of memory training programs for improving some neurocognitive functions in older people. Objective: to analyze in a preliminary way the differential effect of two memory training programs on several areas of cognition in older adults. Method: 18 older adults between 61 and 81 years have participated, either in a memory strategies training program, either an everyday forgetfulness training program. All of them evaluated the subjective perception of memory and cognitive performance before and after training. Results: A statistically significant improvement in the questionnaire of subjective memory complaints was found in both groups, and only the group receiving everyday forgetfulness training improved in some cognitive performances in visuospatial working memory (Corsi test reverse) and reasoning (analogies). Conclusions: Memory training programs improve the subjective perception that older people have about its functioning, and this is independent of training methodology used.
Introducción. En este trabajo se presenta la evaluación del impacto de un programa de desarrollo de las competencias emo-cionales en la base del modelo teórico SEA (atención y comprensión emocional, regulación y reparación emocional y expresión social adaptativa de las emociones) sobre tales competencias en jóvenes adolescentes y pre-adolescentes.Método. El programa se implementó en un IES público durante un curso escolar por parte de los propios profesores-tutores de los alumnos. Los participantes de este estudio son 156 alumnos de 11 a 14 años estudiantes de 1º de E.S.O. en sus di-ferentes condiciones experimentales y control. Se ha utilizado un diseño cuasiexperimental pretest-postest con grupo control para evaluar la eficacia del programa. Las pruebas usadas para ello miden las competencias socioemocionales, la empatía y el ajuste social de los participantes. Además, se hace una medida de seguimiento 3 meses después de la finalización de la implementación del programa.Resultados. La investigación demuestra una mejora significativa en las competencias socioemocionales de los participantes del programa, especialmente en las competencias más relacionadas con la expresión social adaptativa de las emociones. Además, se descubren mejoras también significativas en empatía y ajuste social.Discusión y conclusiones. Se corrobora la posibilidad de potenciar las competencias socioemocionales mediante la aplicación de un programa de intervención directa en el aula durante un curso escolar y el programa SEA se convierte en candidato para alcanzar este objetivo.
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