Niveles referenciales de nutrientes en la solución del suelo para el diagnóstico nutricional en el cultivo protegido del tomate Nutrient levels of reference in the soil solution to the nutrition diagnostic in the tomato protected crop

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Resumen -El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de soluciones nutritivas en el fertirriego, con diferentes relaciones entre el nitrógeno y el potasio, en la productividad y calidad de los frutos del tomate (híbrido Hazera 3019), en suelo Ferralítico Rojo. La experiencia se desarrolló en el Instituto de Investigaciones Hortícolas Liliana Dimitrova (La Habana, Cuba). Se estudiaron cuatro soluciones nutritivas, que se diferenciaron en su relación NO 3 -+NH 4+Mg 2+ en todas las variantes de 0,75. Los tratamientos resultantes (T1, 1:0,45; T2, 1:0,60 o testigo de producción, T3, 1:0,75 y T4, 1:0,90) fueron distribuidos en un diseño completamente aleatorizado con cuatro réplicas. La variación de la relación N/K en la solución nutritiva influyó en el rendimiento, la calidad externa y la vida en anaquel de los frutos de tomate, sin afectar la calidad bromatológica. La mejor combinación entre estructura del rendimiento y calidad de los frutos se obtiene con la relación N/K 1:0,75, al presentar rendimientos superiores en las categorías de calidad comercial extra, primera y extra más primera, así como frutos con mayor firmeza y grosor del endocarpio, menor porcentaje de frutos fuera de norma y valores inferiores de pérdidas postcosecha.Términos para indexación: Lycopersicon esculentum, calidad del fruto, fertirrigación, horticultura, postcosecha. Nitrogen-potassium ratios in fertirrigation for protected cultivation of tomato in Red Ferralitic soilAbstract -The objective of the present work was to evaluate the effect of nutrient solutions in fertirrigation, with different nitrogen-potassium ratios, on yield and quality of tomato fruits (hybrid Hazera 3019) in Red Ferralitic soil (Oxisol). The trial was performed at Instituto de Investigaciones Hortícolas Liliana Dimitrova (La Habana, Cuba). Four nutrient solutions were studied, which were different in their NO 3 -+NH 4 + /K + ratios in terms of meq L -1 (N/K), keeping a K + /Ca 2+ +Mg 2+ ratio of 0,75 in every variant. The resulting treatments (T1, 1:0.45; T2, 1:0.60 or production test control, T3, 1:0.75 and T4, 1:0.90) were distributed in a completely randomized design with four replicates. The N/K ratio variation in the nutrient solution influenced the yield, external quality and postharvest life of tomato fruits, without affecting the bromatologic quality. The best combination of yield structure and fruit quality was obtained with the 1:0.75 N/K ratio, which had superior yield in extra, first and extra plus first commercial qualities, as well as fruits with higher firmness and larger endocarp thickness, lesser abnormal fruit percentage and lower postharvest losses.Index terms: Lycopersicon esculentum, fruit quality, fertirrigation, horticulture, postharvest. IntroducciónEn la horticultura cubana, el tomate representa el 35% del volumen total de producción y el 30% del área de siembra, que se ubican en todas las zonas edafoclimáticas del país, sin embargo, sus exigencias climáticas distan mucho de las condiciones que prevalecen en el trópico cubano. Así, e...

RESUMOO estudo comparou trabalhadores brasileiros e angolanos em relação à inteligência emocional e ao contágio de emoções, considerando função gerencial, sexo e nível educacional. Participaram 431 trabalhadores, sendo 300 do Brasil e 131 de Angola, 71,5% com ensino superior, 37,8% exercendo função gerencial e idade média de 30 anos. Utilizou-se um survey eletrônico. Os resultados indicaram diferenças entre os países quanto à inteligência, mas não ao contágio. No Brasil, mulheres e gestores obtiveram médias mais elevadas de inteligência emocional, e em Angola, mulheres com ensino superior apresentaram maiores médias de inteligência emocional. Em relação ao contágio de emoções positivas, mulheres gestoras com ensino superior se contagiam menos que homens na mesma posição. Encontraram-se correlações positivas entre inteligência emocional e contágio.Palavras-chave: inteligência emocional; contágio emocional; sexo; gestão. ABSTRACT Emotional Intelligence and Contagion: A study with Brazilian and Angolan workersThis study compared Brazilian and Angolan workers in emotional intelligence and contagion, considering their managerial position, sex, and educational level. Participants were 431 workers, 300 from Brazil and 131 from Angola, 71.5% with a higher education, 37.8% in a management position, and a mean age of 30 years. They answered an electronic questionnaire. Results indicate there are differences in emotional intelligence, but no differences were found for contagion. In Brazil women and managers had higher average of emotional intelligence mean while in Angola women with a higher education had higher average of emotional intelligence. For the contagion of positive emotions, women managers with a higher education were less contagioned than men managers. The results showed positive correlations between emotional intelligence and contagion.

Nitrógeno en el cultivo del gladiolo 2 1 Niveles de nitrógeno y su fraccionamiento en el cultivo del gladiolo para suelos Ferralíticos RojosMaría Isabel Hernández Díaz (1) , Virginia Marrero González (1) , Mayra González Hurtado (2) , Julia Mirta Salgado Pulido (1) Términos para indexación: Gladiolo, floricultura, nutrición mineral. Nitrogen levels and their fractioning in gladiolus cultivation for Ferralitic Red soilsAbstract -The objective of this study was to evaluate growing nitrogen levels and application time of the nitrogen fertilizer in gladiolus cultivation. The experiment was carried out at No differences between nitrogen doses and fertilizer application time in quality variables of spikes and corms were observed. Nevertheless, with the variant 70 kg ha -1 of N, one half applied in plantation and the other half applied 60 days later, a higher spike percentage of commercial categories and a lesser number of stems of inferior quality were obtained. As for the plantation nutritional state, there is a positive relation between the applied nitrogen levels and the foliar content of this element.

Fertilizers industry faces the challenge of improving the efficiency of its products either by optimizing the fertilizers in use or by developing new types of them. During the last decade, controlled and slow release technologies have become more important. These technologies aim to increase the efficiency of the applied substance by increasing its action over time and avoiding losses of all kinds (leaching, volatilization). The main purpose of the current study was to obtain a slow release biofertilizer by incorporating microalgae into a polymeric ureaformaldehyde matrix (PUFM). The quantitative analysis of macronutrients and micronutrients in the microalgae was determined using different techniques including titration, UV and Atomic Adsorption Spectroscopy. The matrix and the formulation obtained (PUFM + CHLO) were also characterized by Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The "in vitro" study showed a typical slow release behavior of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) macronutrients. It was also shown that (PUFM+CHLO) formulation has the slowest macronutrients release time with a maximum release of 28%, 26% y 46% for (N-P-K) macronutrients respectively during a period of 30 days. The "in vivo" study exposed the benefits of the biofertilizer formulation (PUFM + CHLO) from conventional commercial fertilizer (CF) (NPK-14-5-12). Due to the presence of nutrients of natural origin in microalgae, (PUFM + CHLO) shows ecological effects which could also developing sustainable agriculture systems.

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