Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to review the research on organizational teams. The aim is delimiting the conceptual space of effectiveness and determining team-level measurement issues. Design/methodology/approach -A range of published works, which analyse the different variables of effectiveness for each type of team, is reviewed (the most used effectiveness criteria are shown in a table). According to the existence of different types of teams -work team, parallel team, project team and management team -the authors assess what variables and measures are more appropriate according to team type, analyse the problems in gathering data and measuring in this level of analysis and, finally, offer a proposal of measurement issues for future research. Findings -The authors conclude that effectiveness is a multidimensional concept with three dimensions: performance, attitudinal outcomes, and behavioural outcomes. Regarding team-level measurement issues, the authors also conclude that there is a need to use multiple data sources and multimethod analyses incorporating consensus and aggregation methods, as well as observation and key informants. Practical implications -The results of this work can support future research on teams. Although considerable headway has been made in the team effectiveness studies, there are things that still need to be done. The paper shows that a more complete measure of effectiveness must be developed, according to the three dimensions: performance, attitudinal outcomes, and behavioural outcomes. Originality/value -The paper is a comprehensive review and provides a basis for researchers in the area of effective teams.
Handbook of Data AnalysisMELISSA HARDY and ALAN BRYMAN (eds). London: Sage, 2004. 704 pp. ISBN 0761966528 This handbook describes major techniques of data analysis and addresses notable issues involved in their application. This reference work offers an excellent guide to social science researchers as the basic theoretical arguments, practical quantitative techniques and the methodologies that the majority of them are likely to use are presented here. Although the list of techniques included is not exhaustive, a broad set of methods is covered. Specifically, methods appropriate to survey data, textual data, transcripts of conversations and longitudinal information are considered.A unique feature of the book is the breadth of coverage. The work puts together a set of 30 chapters that reflects the effort of many recognized data analysts. It is a remarkable task accomplished by the editors, who have been joined by many distinguished academics and practitioners in the Research Methodology field. They encourage readers to develop an appreciation of the range of analytic options available, so they can choose a research problem and then develop a suitable approach to data analysis. Moreover, Melissa Hardy and Alan Bryman give a global perspective integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches and trying to demonstrate that both modes of analysis offer different solutions for practising researchers. Undoubtedly, this integration of both modes succeeds because of the research strengths of the editors. They believe that reinforcing the division between quantitative and qualitative methods is a mistake, particularly for those who practice in the behavioural and social sciences.
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