Background Epidemiologic studies, including trials, suggest an association between potassium intake and blood pressure ( BP ). However, the strength and shape of this relationship is uncertain. Methods and Results We performed a meta‐analysis to explore the dose‐response relationship between potassium supplementation and BP in randomized‐controlled trials with a duration ≥4 weeks using the recently developed 1‐stage cubic spline regression model. This model allows use of trials with at least 2 exposure categories. We identified 32 eligible trials. Most were conducted in adults with hypertension using a crossover design and potassium supplementation doses that ranged from 30 to 140 mmol/d. We observed a U‐shaped relationship between 24‐hour active and control arm differences in potassium excretion and BP levels, with weakening of the BP reduction effect above differences of 30 mmol/d and a BP increase above differences ≈80 mmol/d. Achieved potassium excretion analysis also identified a U‐shaped relationship. The BP ‐lowering effects of potassium supplementation were stronger in participants with hypertension and at higher levels of sodium intake. The BP increase with high potassium excretion was noted in participants with antihypertensive drug‐treated hypertension but not in their untreated counterparts. Conclusions We identified a nonlinear relationship between potassium intake and both systolic and diastolic BP , although estimates for BP effects of high potassium intakes should be interpreted with caution because of limited availability of trials. Our findings indicate an adequate intake of potassium is desirable to achieve a lower BP level but suggest excessive potassium supplementation should be avoided, particularly in specific subgroups.

Background: We followed up, in 2013, the subjects who lived near the Athens International Airport and had participated in the cross-sectional multi-country HYENA study in 2004-06. Objectives:The objective was to evaluate the association of exposure to aircraft and road traffic noise with the incidence of hypertension and other cardiovascular outcomes. Methods:From the 780 individuals who participated in the cross-sectional study, 537were still living in the same area and 420 accepted to participate in the follow-up.Aircraft and road traffic noise exposure was based on the estimations conducted in 2004-06, linking geo-coded residential addresses of the participants to noise levels. We applied multiple logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for potential confounders. Results:The incidence of hypertension was significantly associated with higher aircraft noise exposure during the night. Specifically, the OR for hypertension per 10 dB increase in Lnight aircraft noise exposure was 2.63 (95% C.I. 1.21-5.71). Doctor diagnosed cardiac arrhythmia was significantly associated with Lnight aircraft noise exposure, when prevalent and incident cases were considered with an OR of 2.09 (95% CI 1.07, 4.08). Stroke risk was also increased with increasing noise exposure but the association was not significant. Twenty four hour road traffic noise associations with the outcomes considered were weaker and less consistent. Conclusions:In conclusion, our cohort study suggests that long-term exposure to aircraft noise, particularly during the night is associated with incident hypertension and possibly, also, cardiovascular effects.

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