Neste artigo fazemos uma revisão dos predadores vertebrados naturais da Vespa-asiática (Vespa velutina) na Europa e em Portugal em particular, enumerando aqueles para os quais já existem observações comprovadas e aqueles que, por se alimentarem da Vespa-europeia (Vespa crabro), mesmo que irregularmente, podem ser considerados consumidores potenciais da primeira. Damos particular atenção ao Vespeiro (Pernis apivorus) e ao Abelharuco (Merops apiaster), por serem potencialmente os predadores vertebrados mais importantes da Vespa-asiática, seja porque são especialistas em insectos da subordem Apocrita -que inclui as vespas, abelhas e formigas -, seja porque para eles existe considerável informação sobre a sua ecologia trófica. Fruto de um estudo realizado em 2021, os resultados confirmam que o Abelharuco captura Vespa-asiática, mas desconhecemos ainda quão importante é este consumo. Embora a Abelha-europeia (Apis mellifera) seja a espécie mais frequente nos restos de presas colhidos, a dieta desta ave aparenta ser diversa.
The Yellow-legged Hornet (Vespa velutina nigrithorax) (YLH) is an invasive insect that arrived in Europe in 2004 and is now spread across nine countries. It is a threat to the native entomofauna and harmful to beekeeping and agriculture, as it is a ravenous predator of the European Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) and other pollinating species. Its expansion has been unstoppable and all resources are needed to fight against it, including native vertebrate predators. Among these, the European Bee-eater (Merops apiaster) (EBE) is a potential one, but little is known about its predation on YLH. In a study carried out in Portugal, remains of YHL were detected in EBE nesting sites, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the first such report. This means that this bird could be one more agent in the biological control of this pest (although research on predation intensity is still needed), in conjunction with other natural predators and other strategies. In the Iberian Peninsula, both species are allopatric in vast regions, so the role of EBE may be more limited. However, in the rest of Europe, at a country or continent scale, the scenario may be different and sympatry may occur to a greater extent.
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