The psychological aspect in patients with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) is poorly documented. We sought to determine the role of DEB in anxiety, depression and self-esteem. We conducted a cross-sectional study, collecting data from 27 DEB patients and 26 healthy individuals. DEB patients and healthy controls completed three different psychometric scales for anxiety and depression and one scale for self-esteem. DEB patients and healthy controls were homogeneous for age and sex (P > 0.05), but not for employment, marital status and economic level (P < 0.05). Median values of all psychometric battery scales were not statistically significant between DEB patients and healthy controls, except for Goldberg scale for anxiety (P = 0.003) and depression (P = 0.037) and slightly significant for Zung Scale for anxiety (P = 0.048) with no difference between DEB patients with dominant versus recessive form in all scales (P > 0.05). Among DEB patients, only employment showed a significant difference in all scales (P < 0.05) but Hamilton for depression, whereas self-esteem seemed to be affected by marriage (P = 0.04) and education (P = 0.016). DEB patients apparently are not more anxious and/or depressed and do not have less self-esteem than healthy individuals.

ObjectiveWe investigate the presence and the quality of pain in patients with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB), and its correlation with the level of anxiety and depression.MethodsWe collected data from 27 DEB patients and 26 healthy individuals. DEB patients and controls completed 1 scale for the quality of pain, and 1 scale for anxiety and depression. Pain was assessed with the short form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire, whereas anxiety and depression were assessed with the Hamilton rating scale for anxiety and depression.ResultsDEB patients and healthy control individuals were homogeneous for age and gender (p>0.05). A statistically significant difference in the two groups was seen for sensory pain rating scale (p<0.001), affective pain rating scale (p=0.029), total pain rating scale (p<0.001), visual analogue scale (p=0.012) and present pain intensity (p=0.001), but not for anxiety (p=0.169) and depression (p=0.530). The characteristics of pain that showed a significant difference between DEB patients and healthy controls were shooting, splitting, tender and throbbing (p<0.05). In DEB patients pain was not correlated with anxiety or depression (p>0.05), whereas a slight correlation between pain and anxiety was found in healthy controls (p<0.05). No difference was found between quality of pain and anxiety-depression in DEB patients (p>0.05), but was between the DEB dominant and the recessive form of DEB (p=0.025).ConclusionThe perception of pain in DEB patients appears greater than in healthy individuals, with splitting and tender characteristics being the most significant ones, but was not associated with anxious and/or depressive symptoms.

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Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB; OMIM #226600) is one of the most devastating subtypes of epidermolysis bullosa, a group of skin and mucous membrane blistering disorders often associated with extracutaneous manifestations. RDEB is caused by mutations in COL7A1, the gene encoding type VII collagen (C7), and to date over 700 different mutations in the 8835 nucleotides constituting the open reading frame or adjacent exon-intron boundaries of COL7A1 have been described. We used targeted next-generation sequencing to identify seven previously unreported mutations in a cohort of 17 Mexican patients who were diagnosed with RDEB based on clinical presentation and immunoepitope mapping. Our study expands the spectrum of mutations identified in this cohort, including those suitable for emerging therapies reliant on precise genotyping.

investigated and still remain an open question. We sought to examine sleep quality and its relationship\ud with pain and mood disorders in DEB patients.\ud Methods: Twenty-eight DEB patients and 26 healthy individuals completed the following battery of\ud scales: the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Medical\ud Outcomes Study (MOS) Sleep Scale, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), the Hamilton Rating Scale for\ud Anxiety (HAM-A) and Depression (HAM-D). Linear correlations and hierarchical regression analyses were\ud performed.\ud Results: Patients with DEB have significantly lower scores in daytime sleepiness (p ¼ 0.003) and higher\ud level of pain (p ¼ 0.009) in comparison to controls. The analysis of all PSQI and MOS items failed to\ud demonstrate any statistically significant differences between DEB patients and controls, except for a sub\ud component of PSQI measuring sleep disturbances (p ¼ 0.003). In the study group, a positive correlation\ud was found between PSQI and depressive symptoms (r ¼ 0.56; p ¼ 0.002), anxiety symptoms (r ¼ 0.46;\ud p ¼ 0.015), and pain (r ¼ 0.44; p ¼ 0.020). These results were consistent with the hierarchical regression\ud analysis showing a significant contribution of depression (DR2 ¼ 21.8; p ¼ 0.008), anxiety (DR2 ¼ 14.5;\ud p ¼ 0.027), and pain (DR2 ¼ 13.5; p ¼ 0.032) to poor quality of sleep.\ud Conclusions: DEB patients showed a greater degree of sleep disturbances that can be influenced by\ud depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and pain compared with controls. Therefore, they should be\ud screened for sleep issues that can be possibly impacted by pain and mood disorders

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Recibido el 11 de abril de 2014; aceptado el 30 de octubre de 2014 Disponible en Internet el 6 de marzo de 2015 PALABRAS CLAVE Células madre; Córnea; Limbo; Deficiencia de células madre limbocorneales; Trasplante de células madre límbicasResumen Las células madre son aquellas células poco diferenciadas capaces de autorrenovarse y diferenciarse hacia células especializadas en el cuerpo. Se encuentran en todos los tejidos autorrenovables como son los epitelios. En el caso del epitelio corneal se ha encontrado que las células madre están alojadas en la región límbica, y más concentradas en la región superior e inferior. Algunos de los marcadores que se utilizan para identificarlas son: p63, ABCG2, C/EBPd, Bmi1, Notch1, K19, vimentina, entro otros. Actualmente se ha estudiado la utilización de células madre límbicas en padecimientos que involucran deficiencia de las mismas: como daño químico o térmico a la superficie ocular, síndrome de Stevens-Johnson y aniridia. Para cultivar las células madre es necesario tomar una biopsia de limbo esclerocorneal de 1-2 mm 2 la cual puede sembrarse directamente o ser tratada previamente con tripsina y dispasa para crear una suspensión de células. Se han utilizado capas alimentadoras de soporte como: fibroblastos 3T3, membrana amniótica, matrices extracelulares matrigel, colágeno, polímeros de gelificación termosensible y cápsula anterior de cristalino. Los medios de cultivo utilizados también varían, siendo los más utilizados el medio de Eagle modificado por Dulbecco, Ham F12, MCDB151, medio EpiLife, PCT, entre otros. Para transportar las células madre a la superficie ocular han sido estudiados diversos sustratos o medios de soporte. El que más se utiliza actualmente es la membrana amniótica, pero otros como lentes de contacto, geles de fibrina y biopolímeros termosensibles están también reportados.

Nowadays one of the most evident problems in Mexico is hunger, malnutrition, and food safety, according to The Hunger Project México (2016) the 23.3% of the total population lives in poverty food, and the 12% suffer chronic malnutrition. Applying innovative tendencies and the industrial engineering, our project provides the option for the generation of a food product that is consider organic waste in this case is the "pink pine nut" this, because to its properties and benefits among which are, control in levels of fats, high protein concentration, and also fatty acids that are essential as omega 3 and 6. In addition to minerals such as Iron (Fe), Magnesium (Mg) and Potassium (K) necessary for the proper functioning of the body. This project was managed for the municipality of Aramberri located in the state of Nuevo León since the pink pine nuts are abundant in this region and wasted on a large scale.